Physical Activity Attenuates the Effect of the Fto T/a Polymorphism on Obesity-Related Phenotypes in Adult Russian Males

Abstract

Introduction. Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Russians. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Russians. Materials and methods. 110 Russian males aged 22–52 years old were examined. Anthropometry: height and weight, waist and hip circumferences were taken. The whole-body impedance was measured on the right-hand side of the body using the bio­impedance meter ABC-01 ‘Medas’ (SRC Medas, Russia) according to a conventional tetrapolar scheme at a frequency of 50 kHz. For each subject participating in the study, the genotype was determined by the polymorphic systems of the T/A (rs9939609) polymorphism of the FTO gene (Lytekh, Moscow). Results. Participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.01). Although significant asso­ciations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found in the sedentary group. There were no significant associations between FTO genotypes and obesity-related phenotypes in the PA group. Conclusion. Comparison of morphological parameters in carriers of alternative genotypes in two subgroups with different lifestyles makes it possible to conclude that the A allele determines a greater tendency to accumulate fat in cases where there is no regular physical activity.

Association of 3826A >G UCP1 gene polymorphism and physical activity level with central obesity

“…Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî ôèçè÷åñêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü ìîäèôèöèðóåò âëèÿíèå ïîëèìîðôèçìà ãåíà UCP1 (rs1800592), óñèëèâàÿ åãî ïðîÿâëåíèå â ãðóïïå ôèçè÷åñêè ìàëîàêòèâíûõ èñïûòóåìûõ. Ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ ðàíåå ïðîâåäåííûìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè, ãäå áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî îáðàç aeèçíè ìîaeåò ìîäèôèöèðîâàòü âëèÿíèå ãå-íåòè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ íà ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ îaeèðåíèÿ [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Rask-Andersen et al, 2017;Bondareva et al, 2019]. Òàêèå ôàêòîðû, êàê êîëè-÷åñòâî ñíà, êîëè÷åñòâî ÷àñîâ ïðîñìîòðà òåëåïå-ðåäà÷, óðîâåíü ôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè è äèåòà ìîäèôèöèðóþò âëèÿíèå ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Young et al, 2016;Rask-Andersen et al, 2017;Bondareva et al, 2019].…”

“…Ïîëó÷åííûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ ðàíåå ïðîâåäåííûìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè, ãäå áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî îáðàç aeèçíè ìîaeåò ìîäèôèöèðîâàòü âëèÿíèå ãå-íåòè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ íà ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ îaeèðåíèÿ [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Rask-Andersen et al, 2017;Bondareva et al, 2019]. Òàêèå ôàêòîðû, êàê êîëè-÷åñòâî ñíà, êîëè÷åñòâî ÷àñîâ ïðîñìîòðà òåëåïå-ðåäà÷, óðîâåíü ôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè è äèåòà ìîäèôèöèðóþò âëèÿíèå ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Young et al, 2016;Rask-Andersen et al, 2017;Bondareva et al, 2019]. Òàê, ó ìóae÷èí, ïðîaeèâàþùèõ â ã. Ìîñêâå, áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ïîëèìîðôèçì ãåíà FTO îêàçûâàåò çíà÷èìîå âëèÿíèå íà ïðåäðàñïîëîaeåííîñòü ê íàêîïëåíèþ aeèðîâîé ìàññû òîëüêî â ñëó÷àå ñíèaeåíèÿ óðîâíÿ ôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè [Bondareva et al, 2019].…”

“…Òàêèå ôàêòîðû, êàê êîëè-÷åñòâî ñíà, êîëè÷åñòâî ÷àñîâ ïðîñìîòðà òåëåïå-ðåäà÷, óðîâåíü ôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè è äèåòà ìîäèôèöèðóþò âëèÿíèå ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Young et al, 2016;Rask-Andersen et al, 2017;Bondareva et al, 2019]. Òàê, ó ìóae÷èí, ïðîaeèâàþùèõ â ã. Ìîñêâå, áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ïîëèìîðôèçì ãåíà FTO îêàçûâàåò çíà÷èìîå âëèÿíèå íà ïðåäðàñïîëîaeåííîñòü ê íàêîïëåíèþ aeèðîâîé ìàññû òîëüêî â ñëó÷àå ñíèaeåíèÿ óðîâíÿ ôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè [Bondareva et al, 2019]. Àíàëèç áàçû äàííûõ UK Biobank ïîêàçàë, ÷òî òàêèå ôàêòîðû, êàê íèçêèé óðîâåíü ôèçè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè, äèåòà è êîëè÷åñòâî ñíà ïðè ãåíåòè÷åñêîé ïðåäðàñïîëîaeåííîñòè ïîâûøàþò ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ îaeèðåíèÿ [Young et al, 2016].…”

“…Áûë ïðîâåäåí ñòàíäàðòíûé ðàçâåäî÷íûé àíàëèç, ãäå äëÿ êîëè-÷åñòâåííûõ ïåðåìåííûõ îöåíèâàëèñü íîðìàëüíîñòü ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïðè ïîìîùè êðèòåðèÿ Øàïèðî-Óèëêà, íàëè÷èå âûáðîñîâ ïðè ïîìîùè êðèòåðèÿ Ãðàááñà, à òàêaeå ãåòåðîãåííîñòü äèñïåðñèé ñ ïîìîùüþ òåñòà Ëåâåíå [Levene et al, 1960;Shapiro, Wilk, 1965;Grubbs, 1969]. Ïî èòîãàì ðàç-âåäî÷íîãî àíàëèçà áûëî ðåøåíî èñïîëüçàâàòü êâàíòèëüíóþ ðåãðåññèþ, òàê êàê äëÿ èññëåäóåìûõ Bondareva et al, 2019]. Íàïðèìåð, ó íîñèòåëåé ðèñêîâîãî À àëëåëÿ ãåíà FTO (T/A, rs9939609) â óñëîâèÿõ ãèïîêèíåçèè íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïîâûøåííàÿ ïðåäðàñïîëîaeåííîñòü ê íàêîïëåíèþ aeèðîâîé ìàññû ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ íîñèòåëÿìè èñõîäíîãî T àëëåëÿ, îäíàêî, ôèçè÷åñêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü íèâåëèðóåò âëèÿíèå ýòîãî âàðèàíòà [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Bondareva et al, 2019].…”

“…Ïî èòîãàì ðàç-âåäî÷íîãî àíàëèçà áûëî ðåøåíî èñïîëüçàâàòü êâàíòèëüíóþ ðåãðåññèþ, òàê êàê äëÿ èññëåäóåìûõ Bondareva et al, 2019]. Íàïðèìåð, ó íîñèòåëåé ðèñêîâîãî À àëëåëÿ ãåíà FTO (T/A, rs9939609) â óñëîâèÿõ ãèïîêèíåçèè íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïîâûøåííàÿ ïðåäðàñïîëîaeåííîñòü ê íàêîïëåíèþ aeèðîâîé ìàññû ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ íîñèòåëÿìè èñõîäíîãî T àëëåëÿ, îäíàêî, ôèçè÷åñêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü íèâåëèðóåò âëèÿíèå ýòîãî âàðèàíòà [Kilpelainen et al, 2011;Bondareva et al, 2019].  ãðóïïå ôèçè÷åñêè àêòèâíûõ èñïûòóåìûõ ó íîñèòåëåé ìèíîðíîãî Ò àëëåëÿ ãåíà UCP3 (-55Ñ/Ò, rs1800849) íèaeå ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ îaeèðåíèÿ, ÷åì ó íîñèòåëåé èñõîäíîãî Ñ àëëåëÿ [Alonso et al, 2005].…”