The article deals with the reasonableness of inclusion into legal science and system of law new complex branches of law. It often occurs in spite of the generally recognized principles of systems of law construction. The authors criticize the constant increase in the number of complex branches of law, assuming that complex branches can only exist in legislation. Isolation of complex branches in the legal system is an attempt to summarize the phenomenon on the basis of different methodological approaches. Formation of the system of law as opposed to the system of legislation is carried out on the basis of essential unity but not functional unity relations. Essential unity of social relations is characterized by the homogeneity of their qualitative characteristics due to socio-economic basis prevailing in a society. The building of the legal system on the basis of essential unity of the controlled relationship allows to apply a single method of legal regulation and to identify the presence of systemic relations between the norms of the individual branch of law and specific principles of legal regulation.
tonkov ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВА РОССИЙСКОГО ПРАВОВОГО РЕАЛИЗМААннотация. В статье рассматривается российский правовой реализм в историческом аспекте и выявляются закономерности, заложенные в отечественной правовой системе. Обращается внимание на предпосылки возникновения правового реализма в североамериканском, скандинавском и советском обществах. Анализируются значение психологической теории права Л.И. Петражицкого и мнения о реалистическом характере Петербургской школы философии права. Автор придерживается широкого понимания источников права и исследует реалистичность подходов, укоренившихся в социалистическом праве, к решению конкретных юридических задач. Отмечено, что социалистический реализм вышел за рамки метода культурного развития советского человека, превратившись в неотъемлемую часть политико-правовой доктрины государства. Предполагается допустимым рассматривать в дискурсе социалистического правового реализма марксистские идеи, адаптированные для революционных преобразований В.И. Лениным, И.В. Сталиным, А.Я. Вышинским. Указаны исторические обстоятельства и субъективные факторы, которые привели к формированию в XX в. качественно новой общности людей -советского народа. Заявляется, что исторические особенности правопорядков, существовавших в период 1917-1991 гг., остаются частью современной российской парадигмы, и исследование российской нормативности, сложившейся в последнее столетие, требует прагматического подхода и критического осмысления философско-правовых взглядов, сформированных в социалистический период.
The article examines the sources of law in the discourse of Russian legal realism concept. A broad approach to the sources of law is justifi ed and the phenomena of the source and form of law as equal in meaning is considered. The author notes the pragmatization of Russian jurisprudence and insuffi ciency of paying attention only to the texts of normative legal acts. Interpretation of actions to comply with or violate regulatory requirements and criteria for evidence evaluation become more relevant in modern conditions, when the individual regulatory system of the law enforcement actor governs his actions, determines the essence and details of his decision. In order to actualize the pluralism of the source base special attention is paid to post-classical characteristics of modern law enforcement and the ideas of L. I. Petrazhitsky as the founder of the psychological theory of law. A broad understanding of the sources of law in the XXI century allows to identify current sources of regulation and re-evaluate the factors that oblige individuals to obey the will of others. According to the author, law should be considered as a result and method of real interaction of people, generating subjective rights and obligations, and as a form of communication that encourages a person to active realization of acceptable to him sources of law in a particular legal situation. Thе performed comparative analysis of legal realism in North American, Scandinavian and Russian societies allows us to consider legal realism as intermediary between law in books and practical human problems.
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