Purpose. To establish the influence of sowing terms and seeding rates on the formation of seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing periods in the Western Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiment, calculation and weight, mathematical statistics. Results. It was found that the studied soybean varieties with different growing periods react differently to growing conditions. Among the studied factors, the seeding rate, more than the sowing period, influenced the formation of soybean seed yield. Inparticular, the studied soybean varieties Diadema Podillya, KiVin, Knyazhna and Khutoryanochka in all terms of sowing, the highest grain yield formed at the seeding rate of 900 thousand germinating seeds per 1 ha, while the Triada variety – at the seeding rate of 700 thousand germinating seed sper 1 ha. The increase in yield compared to the seeding rate of 700 thousand germinated seeds per 1 ha was in the Diadema Podillya variety – 8,9-19,2%, in the KiVin variety – 12,4-15,6%, in the Knyazhna variety – 16,0-22,9% and in the Khutoryanochka variety – 4,2-10,1%. Reducing the seeding rate to 500 thousand germinating seeds led to a decrease in productivity for all sowing periods, in the Diadema Podolia variety – by 15,3-23,7%, in the KiVin variety – by 19,6-26,0%, in the Knyazhna variety – by 13,6-18,3%, in the Khutoryanochka variety – by 9,9-11,0% and in the Triada variety – by 17,8-25,7%. Higher indicators of seed yield all the studied soybean varieties formed during the late sowing period. Conclusions. The studied factors had a significant influence on the formation of seed yield of all soybean varieties that were studied – the timing of sowing and seeding rates, as well as the weather conditions of the growing season. The studied soybean varieties reacted differently to a decrease or increase in the seeding rate, however, higher yield indicators were formed due to the late sowing period.

Topicality. Fertilizers are one of the most effective means of influencing the yield and quality of maize grain. Along with macroelements (N, P, K), microelements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo) play an important role in the formation of maize grain productivity. The need for these elements is small, but they are absolutely necessary for the growth and development of plants. An effective way to provide plants with trace elements during the growing season can be seed treatment and foliar fertilizing, which will contribute to improving the quality of products, increasing yield and economic efficiency of maize cultivation. The use of growth regulators, complex liquid fertilizers is one of the new and promising directions in the agriculture of Ukraine, but little investigated in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe. Purpose. To study the influence of growth stimulants and complex microfertilizers on the growth and development of plants, the formation of individual productivity indicators, yield and grain quality of maize in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. Materials and Methods. For 2019–2020, the research was conducted on medium loamy podzolized chernozems. In a two-factor experiment, it was studied: DN Meotyda and DB Khotyn hybrids; growth stimulants (Vympel-K, Vympel-2) and microfertilizers (Oracle seeds, Oracle multicomplex, Oracle colofermin zinc, Oracle colofermin magnesium), which were used for seed treatment or spraying of crops in stages of 3–5 and 7–9 leaves. Results. It was established that the maize plants of the studied hybrids formed a different number of ears in the experimental plots, namely, DN Meotyda – 98–108, DB Khotyn – 93–98 productive ears per 100 plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of maize at the early growth stages ensured an increase in grain weight per 1 ear of the early-ripening hybrid DN Meotyda by 7.1–27.2 %, and of the mid-early hybrid DB Khotyn – by 5.5–29.4 %, and 1,000 grains weight by 6.9–12.3 % and 10.5–16.0 %, respectively. The grain yield increased by 8.9–27.6 % in the early-ripening hybrid DN Meotyda, and by 8.7–26.1 % in the mid-early hybrid DB Khotyn. Conclusions. The highest indicators of individual productivity and grain yield are provided by the variant that involves seed treatment: Vympel–K + Oracle seed + Oracle zinc; crop treatment in the stage of 3–5 leaves: Vympel–2 + Oracle phosphorus and in the stage of 7–9 leaves: Vympel–2 + Oracle zinc + Oracle magnesium). The grain weight per 1 ear increases by 27.2 for the early-ripening hybrid DN Meotida, by 29.4 % for mid-early DB Khotyn compared to the control; weight of 1,000 grains – by 12.3 and 16.0 %, grain yield – by 27.6 and 26.1 %, respectively. Key words: maize, hybrid, seed treatment, feeding, individual productivity, yield

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Purpose. To study the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in combination with the plant growth and development stimulation in growing soybeans at different levels of mineral nutrition and assessing the competitiveness of these elements of soybean cultivation technology. Methods. Field, calculation and weight, statistical. Results. Research was conducted by the Khmelnytskyi State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS during 2016-2018 on podzolized, medium loamy black soils. The weather conditions of the growing season during the years of research were characterized by fairly high average daily temperatures, a large amount of unevenly distributed precipitation and a significant shortage of it in certain phases of soybean development, which had a significant impact on the formation of seed yield. Summarizing the results of the research, we found that the improvement of mineral nutrition provided an increase in yield, compared to the control, by 23.2-28.3% – under application of N32P32K32 and by 52.9-65.4% – under application of N48P48K48. At different levels of mineral nutrition, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a growth stimulator and complex microfertilizers ensured an increase in productivity by 5.8-7.6%, one-time foliar feeding of soybeans in the phase of 2-3 true leaves – by 8.9-12.7%; budding – by 11.0-14.8%, two-time treatment of the crops in these phases – by 19.4-27.0%. The highest coefficients of competitiveness were obtained on the variant that involved pre-sowing treatment of seeds and treatment of crops with a complex of preparations in the phase of 2-3 leaves and budding. Conclusions. The researched methods of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of soybeans in the phase of the 2-3d trifoliate leaf and budding with growth stimulants and complex microfertilizers at different levels of mineral nutrition ensure a significant increase in seed yield and are competitive compared to control.

Метою проведення наших досліджень було вивчення впливу допосівної обробки насіння комплексними мікродобривами на ріст і розвиток рослин сої, формування показників індивідуальної продуктивності та урожайності насіння в умовах Лісостепу Західного. Методи. Дослідження проводилися впродовж 2021–2022 рр. на чорноземі опідзоленому, середньо суглинковому Західного Лісостепу України. Дослід двохфакторний, фактор А – сорти сої, Фактор В – допосівна обробка насіння. Повторність досліду – триразова. Розміщення ділянок – систематичне. При проведенні досліджень використовувалися наступні методи досліджень: польовий (візуальні та фенологічні спостереження за ростом і розвитком рослин сої); статистичний (статистична обробка результатів досліджень). Результати. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що допосівна обробка насіння комплексними мікродобривами позитивно впливала на польову схожість, тим самим зумовлюючи збільшення густоти стояння рослин сої у сорту Сіверка – на 3,5–5,9%, у сорту Титан – на 3,5–5,8% порівняно до контролю. Разом з тим, обробка насіння перед сівбою комплексними мікродобривами зумовлювала покращення показників індивідуальної продуктивності рослин сої. Зокрема, у сорту Сіверка кількість бобів на 1 рослині зростала, порівняно до контролю, на 14,1–25,5%, кількість насінин з 1 рослини – на 21,0–31,5%, маса насіння з 1 рослини – на 19,4–29,2% та маса 1000 насінин – на 3,2–7,7%. У сорту Титан кількість бобів і насінин збільшувалася, відповідно, на 9,0–20,0% та 10,7–20,6%, а маса насіння та 1000 насінин – на 10,9–26,6% та 1,9–7,7%. Як наслідок – усі варіанти допосівної обробки насіння, що досліджувалися, забезпечили істотне (у сорту Сіверка на 0,15–0,21 т/га або 5,6–7,8%, у сорту Титан – на 0,18–0,23 т/га або 6,3–8,0%) зростання урожайності насіння порівняно до контролю. Висновки. Найбільше зростання показників індивідуальної продуктивності та урожайності отримали за допосівної обробки насіння сої концентрованим добривом Хімік насіння, де, порівняно до контролю, у сорту Сіверка кількість бобів на 1 рослині зростала 25,5%, кількість насінин з 1 рослини – на 31,5%, маса насіння з 1 рослини – на 29,2% та маса 1000 насінин – на 7,7%. У сорту Титан кількість бобів і насінин збільшувалася, відповідно, на 20,0% та 20,6%, а маса насіння та 1000 насінин – на 26,6% та 7,7%. Зростання урожайності насіння склало у сорту сої Сіверка 7,8% та у сорту Титан 8,0%.