Ñîðòîâèâ÷åííÿ òà ñîðòîçíàâñòâî Âñòóï гïàê (Brassica napus L.)-îäèí ç íàéâàae-ëèâ³øèõ ïðåäñòàâíèê³â ðîäèíè Brassicaceae, éîãî íàñ³ííÿ ì³ñòèòü ïîíàä 40% î볿 òà áëèçüêî 20% á³ëêà [1]. Îáñÿãè âèðîáíèöòâà ð³ïàêà â Óêðà¿í³ øâèäêî ï³äâèùóâàëèñÿ ç 214 òèñ. ãà â 2000 ðîö³ äî 1293 òèñ. ãà â 2019 ðîö³. Çàâäÿêè çðîñòàííþ ñâ³òîâèõ ö³í íà ð³ïàê, â³í ÿê ÿðà êóëüòóðà ñòຠêîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîaeíèì òà ïåðñïåêòèâíèì äëÿ âèðîáíèöòâà [2]. ßê â³äîìî, âèðîùóâàííÿ ð³ïàêà â Óêðà¿í³ íàðàç³ íàö³ëåíå íà ðèíîê ªâðîïåé

Àíàë³ç ôîðìóâàííÿ ñîðòîâîãî ðåñóðñó aeèòà ïîñ³âíîãî îçèìîãî äëÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ âèðîáíèê³â. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Ñîðòè aeèòà ïîñ³âíîãî (Secale cereale L.) ïðîàíàë³çîâàí³ çà íèçêîþ ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ö³ííèõ îçíàê òà ñò³éê³ñòþ äî àá³îòè÷íèõ ôàêòîð³â. Çà äàíèìè ïî óðîaeàéíîñò³ ó çîíàõ Ñòåïó, ˳ñîñòåïó òà Ïîë³ññÿ ìîaeíà ïîáà÷èòè, ùî ïðîâ³äíå ì³ñöå ïîñ³äàþòü ñîðòè ³íîçåìíî¿ ñåëåêö³¿. Ïðîàíàë³çîâàí³ ñîðòè â³äíîñÿòüñÿ äî ñêîðîñòèãëèõ, ùî äîçâîëÿº îòðèìóâàòè âðîaeà¿ ó á³ëüø ñòèñë³ ïðîì³aeêè ÷àñó. Äî Äåðaeàâíîãî ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â âíåñåí³ ðîñëèíè, ÿê³ çà âèñîòîþ çíàõîäÿòüñÿ ó ä³àïàçîí³ â³ä 100 äî 140 ñì. Ìàñà 1000 çåðåí óñ³õ ïðîàíàë³çîâàíèõ ñîðò³â êîëèâàëàñü â³ä 32 äî 34 ã. Âì³ñò á³ëêà ó íàñ³íí³ ñîðò³â çíàõîäèòüñÿ â ìåaeàõ â³ä 9 äî 12%. Âèñîê³ ïîêàçíèêè ñò³éêîñò³ äî àá³îòè÷íèõ ôàêòîð³â, òàêèõ ÿê ïîñóõè, òà íåáàaeàíèõ ÿâèù ÿê âèëÿãàííÿ òà îáñèïàííÿ, óìîaeëèâëþþòü âèðîùóâàííÿ öèõ ñîðò³â ó âñ³õ ´ðóíòîâî-êë³ìàòè÷íèõ çîíàõ íà òåðèòî𳿠Óêðà¿íè. Âàðòî â³äì³òèòè, ùî ñîðòè ìàþòü âèñîêèé ïîêàçíèê ñò³éêîñò³ ïðîòè áîðîøíèñòî¿ ðîñè òà ñí³ãîâî¿ ïë³ñíÿâè. Äî Äåðaeàâíîãî ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â ðîñëèí âêëþ÷åíî 43 ñîðòè aeèòà ïîñ³âíîãî îçèìîãî ñòàíîì íà 10 ñåðïíÿ 2018 ðîêó. Ñîðòè, ÿê³ âíåñåí³ äî Äåðaeàâíîãî ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â ðîñëèí ïðèäàòíèõ äëÿ ïîøèðåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³, ìàþòü âèñîê³ ïîêàçíèêè ñò³éêîñò³ äî àá³îòè÷íèõ ÷èííèê³â, ùî º ï³äñòàâîþ äëÿ ¿õ âíåñåííÿ äî Ðåºñòðó. Âèñíîâêè. Äåòàëüíå âèâ÷åííÿ òà àíàë³ç ñò³éêîñò³ ñîðò³â ðîñëèí äî ñòðåñîâèõ ÷èííèê³â äîçâîëÿº á³ëüø ´ðóíòîâíî îö³íèòè ñîðò. Êð³ì îö³íêè ìîðîçî-³ çèìîñò³éêîñò³, ïîñóõî-³ aeàðîñò³éêîñò³ ïîëüîâèõ êóëüòóð, íåîáõ³äíî ïðîâîäèòè îö³íêó õîëîäîñò³éêîñò³, ñò³éêîñò³ îçèìèõ äî çèìîâèõ â³äëèã, âèïð³âàííÿ, ëüîäîâî¿ ê³ðêè, âèìîêàííÿ òà ³íøèõ íåñïðèÿòëèâèõ ôàêòîð³â. Òàêèé àíàë³ç äîçâîëèòü êðàùå îõàðàêòåðèçóâàòè íîâ³ ñîðòè ³ â³äáèðàòè ò³ ç íèõ, ÿê³ êð³ì âèñîêî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ìàëè á ñò³éê³ñòü äî àá³îòè÷íèõ ôàêòîð³â.  óìîâàõ êë³ìàòè÷íèõ çì³í öå äîçâîëèòü îòðèìóâàòè ñò³éê³ âèñîê³ âðîaeà¿ aeèòà ïîñ³âíîãî. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ñîðò; óðîaeàéí³ñòü; âì³ñò á³ëêà; âèñîòà ðîñëèí; âåãåòàö³éíèé ïåð³îä.

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Purpose. To define the main criteria for adaptability and determine the adaptive capacity of different varieties of potatoes tested in Polissia and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for use in seed production. Methods. The productive potential of potato varieties to determine overall species adaptability was analyzed in terms of yield. For this purpose, the coefficient of adaptability of varieties (CA) was used determined by their yield in the year of cultivation in ratio to the ave­rage yield of the year. Results. Over the years of research (2014–2016), under similar conditions of cultivation, the varieties responded in different ways to conditions of the environment in relation to the year of testing. The overall CA of 1.0 and higher indicates increased adaptability of the variety in the soil and climatic conditions of the growing area to changes in weather conditions during the growing season. In particular, in Polissia these are ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.12), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.06), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.03); in the Forest-Steppe – ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.16), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.12), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.00). Specific adaptive ability of varieties is manifested in high average variety yields in years favorable by weather conditions for potato cultivating. The increase in the yield of such varieties in Polissia was 0.4–1.9 t/ha, in the Forest-Steppe – 0.7–2.8 t/ha. ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, ‘Yavir’, ‘Constans’ belong to such varieties in Polissia, ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, and ‘Constans’ – in the Forest-Steppe. Conclusions. The use the coefficient of adaptability allows determining the productive capacity of a variety in specific soil and climatic conditions. The cultivation of potato varieties with increased adap­tability is a significant factor in increasing the production of high-yielding potato varieties, primarily seed material of high categories for varieties rotation and replacement. In particular, according to research results, such varieties of potatoes in Polissia and Forest-Steppe conditions are ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’ and ‘Constans’.

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