Biological intensification of agriculture is one of the main factors in maintaining soil fertility and optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants, while ensuring an increase in crop yields and improving the quality of farmed products while saving resources and environmental safety. On the basis of studying the effectiveness of biologization techniques in agriculture of the chernozem forest-steppe of Western Siberia (on the example of the Omsk region), the optimal options for the rational use of fertilizers in combination with local biological resources, which reduce the dose of fertilizers and increase the return on additional products, are determined. The environmental focus of research associated with the study of the possibility of maximum involvement of biological resources in the region’s agriculture is undoubtedly relevant in modern conditions.

The research is based on the results of local monitoring in 1990-2018 on reference plots of agricultural lands and archival materials of a large-scale agrochemical survey. The purpose of the research is to identify patterns of change in the humus content of arable soils of the forest-steppe in the Omsk region after prolonged use in agriculture. The objects of research were the soils of the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Region: ordinary chernozem low-power low-humus heavy loamy soil; meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus heavy loamy soil; solonetz meadow chernozemic deep low humus clay soil. The largest area on the last round of agrochemical survey of 1194.3 thousand ha (58.9%) has an average humus content (4.1-6.0%), it increased significantly from 784.5 thousand ha (38.7%). The increased and high (> 6%) humus content significantly decreased over the study period by 416.5 thousand ha from 1118.5 (55.1%) to 702.0 thousand ha (34.6% of the surveyed area). The weighted average humus content over 28 years has changed: from 6.2 to 6.0% in the northern forest-steppe, from 6.0 to 5.3% in the southern forest-steppe, on average it is by 0.5%. A tendency toward a decrease in the humus content of soils remains in the soils of the Omsk Priirtyshye region. The main reason for this is both the ongoing water and wind erosion of soils, and the very low level of organic fertilizers use. The authors revealed the gradual decrease in the content of humus in ordinary chernozems and meadow chernozem soils. There was a stable humus content in the arable horizon of the solonetzes of deep meadow-chernozem soils.

The studies developed agrochemical regulatory parameters for the use of organic fertilizer based on litterless chicken manure for managing potato nutrition on meadow-chernozem soil in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The place of research was the experimental field and the department of agrochemistry and soil science of the FSBEI HE Omsk State Agrarian University in 2012-2014. The studied objects included potato plants of the Alaya Zarya variety and meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus medium-loamy soil. Potatoes formed a yield of 22.9 t / ha without fertilizers and 26.0-33.2 t / ha with fertilizers. The use of 12 t / ha was the most effective because the yield increases in 10.3 tons or 45.0%, the payback of 1 ton of manurewas0.86 tons of tubers. 1 ton of litterless manure increases the concentration of N-NO3 by 2.06 mg/kg, P2O5 - 2.73 and K2O - 1.28. The authors established quantitative characteristics of the action intensity of 1 ton of manure on potato yields (1.14 t/ha) and proposed a formula of calculating doses for a planned increase in yield based on this study. They identified a normative indicator (coefficient b2) of the action intensity of 1 t/ha of manure on the nitrate-nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus and potassium. It allows to predict their accumulation in the soil and to determine the dose of fertilizers considering the optimal and actual content of the nutrient element in the soil.

One of the most important factors in the intensification of greenhouse tomato production is the introduction of new high-yielding hybrids which are adapted to new technologies and unfavorable climatic conditions. The present investigation was carried out in the Korkyt Аta Kyzylorda State University greenhouse between 2010 and 2015, to study the performance of different tomato hybrids in terms of growth, yield and quality inside the greenhouse in the PreAral area conditions in Kazakhstan. Seventeen tomato hybrids selected from the Netherlands, Israel and Russia were grown on a substrate of sawdust in the conditions of the extended culture. Based on the results obtained, the most productive hybrids and those best adapted to the climatic conditions of the area are identified and the fruits' quality assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis are given. The best yield and fruit quality results were obtained from hybrids from the Dutch selection. The best variety for all indicators -productivity, yield of standard products, fruit taste and largest profit -was the Panekra hybrid. Lilos F1, Maxitos F1, Gravitet F1, Klepton F1, Esmira F1 and Clarabella F1 hybrids also had high productivity, good fruit quality and relatively high profit. These hybrids are recommended for greenhouse soilless culture in PreAral area conditions.

The studies of the meadow-chernozem soil of the Omsk region, showed that biological products are effective when used for spring wheat by seed treatment. When comparing their action, it was noted that a greater effect was obtained from the use of the variants Azotobacterin+Phosphobacterin and Azotobacterin+Phosphobacterin+Humate K. The improvement of the nutritional conditions of plants when applying biological fertilizers and biological products has a positive effect on the content of the number of amino acids in the grain, which without fertilizers increases from 9.59% up to a maximum of 9.92% with Humat K.