This article analyzes the production and use of affordable medical sorbents in the Russian and international markets. The analysis showed that there is a shortage of production of cheap specific activated carbon in Russia, due to insufficient expansion of the range. Today, the price of coal tends to increase, so many manufacturers are puzzled by the creation of an effective system for processing coal. It was suggested to use burnt charcoal from various types of wood, since it is one of the optimal types of sorbents, taking into account the economic aspect and the naturalness of the raw materials used for the production of activated carbon. An efficient and simple method of processing burnt coal-pyrolysis-was also proposed. Verification of the model's adequacy to the real process was performed by comparing the results of experimental studies with the results of theoretical calculations. The basic kinetic and thermophysical equations that are used today to study the kinetics of pyrolysis of activated carbon are studied. To find out whether a change in pressure can affect the course of the pyrolysis process, an experimental setup was developed and a series of experiments were conducted. Wood samples were used for experiments. 25x25x25 mm and humidity 10%. The volume of one-time loading was 50 g. The operating pressure in the pyrolysis chamber was recorded by a pressure gauge and set using ejector pumps (pressure reducers), whose performance was regulated and was 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 kPa, or a nitrogen cylinder (pressure increase) to the absolute pressure values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 kPa.A comparative analysis of mathematical calculations and a number of experimental data conducted on warty birch was also carried out. A mathematical model of the wood pyrolysis process is proposed, which takes into account pre-drying, kinetics, the amount of volatile products released, and cooling of the finished charcoal.

Today, the limitations of traditional energy sources based on oil, natural gas and coal are becoming obvious. Therefore, the search for new sources of energy is a pressing issue both for modern Russia and for the whole world. The alternative sources of energy, based on the use of bioenergy of biomass, begin to play a significant and growing role in the world energy industry. The article presents the curves of changes in the mass yield of products obtained during the pyrolysis of biomass, thermally pretreated in the temperature range of 180-270 °C without access of oxygen. It has been experimentally proved that pre-heat treatment reduced the total liquid yield in the pyrolysis process: with an increase in the processing temperature, the mass yield of the liquid decreased, but the mass yield of charcoal and gas changed slightly. At the same time, it was found that the temperature affected the yield of the elemental composition of biomass: as the temperature increased, the content of elemental carbon in the biomass increased, while the content of hydrogen and oxygen decreased. It is concluded that the preliminary heat treatment of biomass can improve the quality of the final liquid biofuel by reducing the water content in it and by increasing the heat of combustion. It is also found that pressure reduction during the pyrolysis process increased the yield of the liquid fraction of decomposition products.

Analysis of the consumption of activated carbon on the international market showed sufficient demand for this topic, both for medical and for most industries. Sorbents are a large class of drugs that are able to excrete a wide variety of toxic substances from the body. The activated carbon market in the Russian Federation was focused on the military-industrial complex, due to which the range of goods was very limited. Due to the current situation, activated carbons produced by our industry are universal and, therefore, ineffective for specific tasks. Based on this, the problem of inexpensive and effective sorbents is very relevant and the lack of active coal reaches several tens of thousands per year. This problem is being solved for the most part by importing the product. The urgency of the problem poses the task of quickly introducing this type of installation and effectively calculating its technical parameters for subsequent manufacturing. The task of the engineering method of calculation is the operational calculation of the given source data, the design parameters of the apparatus. The possibility of using waste wood processing enterprises has shown that the use of this type of raw material is justified and effective. Both in terms of cost, and in terms of beneficial use of tree illiquid. Technical innovations and proven solutions used in the experimental setup will significantly intensify the pyrolysis process while improving product quality and reducing its cost. An algorithm for calculating the main technical parameters of the camera. It includes several blocks responsible for each parameter. Calculation of geometric parameters allows you to develop an installation of strictly the required geometric size based on the necessary raw materials needs. Aerodynamic calculation takes into account the whole process of preparing raw materials and allows you to select the necessary attachments strictly according to the required parameters. Thermal calculation allows you to select the materials of the chamber from the required temperature range required for more efficient raw materials production with the optimal characteristics.

The development of industry is always accompanied by an increase in the negative impact on nature. A variety of waste generated at the production stage for a long time is stored and accumulated. This is especially true for organic waste, the amount of which is steadily increasing as the industry develops. In this regard, the issue of their processing is becoming increasingly important. Currently, one of the optimal types of organic mass processing is pyrolysis. However, in most cases, thermochemical processing technologies, used at enterprises, are not capable of meeting modern requirements for energy consumption and environmental friendliness. The article investigates the high pressure effect on the process of thermochemical treatment of wood waste. As a result of processing the obtained data, the dependences of the duration of the process of thermal decomposition of wood and the output of charcoal on the pressure in the chamber, ambient temperature, size and humidity of the pyrolized wood raw material were determined. It has been established that with an increase in the process pressure, the duration of the process of thermochemical processing of wood waste decreases, and the output of coal increases.

It is proposed to synthesize one-component light-resistant urethane compositions using aldimines as crosslinking agents and methyl iodide as an activating agent to obtain sealants. The effect of the methyl iodide activator and the quaternized complex of the imine group and temperature on the cure time of the sealants was investigated. The influence of the polyether molecular weight and the structure of aldimines fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained sealants was studied.