We studied the interactions between sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidans from sea brown algae Laminaria japonica, Laminaria cichorioides, and Fucus evanescens, with human Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on membranes of cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293-null, HEK293-TLR2/CD14, HEK293-hTLR4/CD14-MD2, and HEK293-hTLR5). Fucoidans interacted with TLR-2 and TLR-4, but not with TLR-5, and were nontoxic for the cell cultures. L. japonica fucoidan (1 mg/ml), L. cichorioides fucoidan (100 μg/ml and 1 mg/ml), and F. evanescens fucoidan (10 μg/ml-1 mg/ml) activated transcription nuclear factor NF-ϰB by binding specifically to TLR-2. L. japonica fucoidan (100 μg/ml and 1 mg/ml), L. cichorioides fucoidan (10 μg/ml-1 mg/ml), and F. evanescens fucoidan (1 μg/ml-1 mg/ml) activated NF-ϰB via binding to TLR-4. These results indicated that fucoidans could induce in vivo defense from pathogenic microorganisms of various classes.

The interaction of sulfated polysaccharides - fucoidans from brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Laminaria cichorioides and Fucus evanescens with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on membranes of embryonic human kidney epithelial cells (HEK293-null, HEK293-TLR2/CD14, HEK293-hTLR4/CD14-MD2 and HEK293-hTLR2/6) was investigated. In vitro fucoidans specifically interacted with ТLR-2, ТLR-4, and the heterodimer ТLR-2/6 resultated in activation of transcription nuclear factor NF-κB. Analysis of composition the hydrolyzed fucoidan from F. evanescens was carried out by gas-liquid chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated the absence of 3-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3-OHC14), the basic component of lipopolysaccharides in the preparation. Thus, the obtained results suggested that fucoidans from brown seaweeds possessing immunotropic activity are independent ligands for TLRs, and are able to induce genetically determined biochemical processes of protection organisms against pathogenic microorganisms.

The interaction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Laminaria cichorioides, and Fucus evanescens with Toll like receptors (TLRs) expressed on membranes of human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK293 null, HEK293 TLR2/CD14, HEK293 hTLR4/CD14 MD2 and HEK293 hTLR2/6), has been investigated. In vitro fucoidans specifically interacted with TLR 2, TLR 4, and the heterodimer TLR 2/6; this resulted in activation of the transcription nuclear factor NF κB. Composition the hydrolyzed fucoidan from F. evanescens was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and chromatography mass spectrometry. Results indicated the absence of 3 hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3 OHC 14 ), the basic fatty acid component of lipopolysaccharides in the analyzed preparation. Thus, the obtained results suggest that fucoidans from brown seaweeds possessing immunotropic activity are indepen dent ligands for TLRs. They can induce genetically determined biochemical processes of protection organ isms against pathogenic microorganisms.

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A conjugate of a synthetic hexasaccharide fragment of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 capsular polysaccharide with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been prepared. The antigenic activity and specificity of this conjugate are comparable with those of natural antigens of S. pneumoniae type 14. The data suggest that the resulting synthetic conjugate can be used as a coating antigen in an experimental test system (based on enzyme immunoassay) for evaluating the antigenic activity and specificity of synthetic oligosaccharide ligands and for testing specimens of natural capsular polysaccharides and immune sera.