No abstract

The aim of the review was to consider the principles and criteria for the formation of funds of service microbiological collections and the specialized State collection of pathogenic bacteria (SCPB) at the RusRAPI “Microbe”. The rapid pace of characterization, study, and use of microbial diversity makes the development of criteria for the selection of microorganisms for permanent storage in collections particularly relevant. The number and format of these criteria are determined by the tasks the collection centers of different levels and specialization are facing. Service collections form their funds by depositing or acquiring type, reference, educational strains. In recent years, the practicability of expanding the range of strains, the deposition of which is desirable in service collections, has been recognized. These are strains characterized by phylogenetic, genomic, metabolic, ecological uniqueness; with a fully sequenced genome; known and emerging plant, animal and human pathogens that caused disease outbreaks; used in international research projects; having biotechnological and economic significance. The main task of the SCPB as a specialized state collection of pathogenic bacteria of groups I–II is to preserve strains characterizing the intraspecific diversity and populations of pathogens circulating in natural foci or in certain territories of the Russian Federation, isolated during epizootics, local or epidemic outbreaks. The selection criteria for strains for permanent storage are their ecological, phenotypic, and genetic peculiarities. The preservation of such a collection is important for future research using new technologies and tracking the evolution of pathogenic bacteria – causative agents of particularly dangerous infectious diseases.

Retrospective analysis of cholera spread in the early period of the seventh pandemic in Russia (1970-1973) has been carried out. It was elucidated that importation and further spread of cholera in the Astrakhan region in 1970 had been realized through the water way. The development of a large cholera focus in the territory of this region determined the unfavorable situation as regards this infection in the whole country in the period of 1970-1972. Water transport was shown to play the main role in cholera spread. The risk cohorts were the population of the Astrakhan region, shipboard personnel of the Volga steamship company, fishermen, persons without permanent residence. Molecular-genetic analysis of cholera agent strains isolated from the patients (vibriocarriers) and the environment showed that they belonged to one clone, thus the common origin of cholera cases in the basin of the Volga was confirmed.

Деревообработка и химическая переработка древесины Концепция создания высококачественной...

Целью исследования является оценка устойчивости холерных вибрионов к замораживанию и хранению в замороженном состоянии при-70 °С в присутствии криопротекторов. В работе представлены результаты хранения семи штаммов V. cholerae в течение трех лет в пяти защитных средах, содержащих в качестве криопротектора глицерин или лактозу (10, 20, 30 % водные растворы глицерина, мясопептонный бульон с 10 % глицерина, среда с 15 % лактозы и 3 % желатина). Показано, что гибель холерных вибрионов происходит при замораживанииразмораживании образцов и их хранении. После трех лет консервации количество живых клеток уменьшилось во всех средах, но в разной степени. Наиболее высокая выживаемость холерных вибрионов после замораживанияразмораживания и хранения в замороженном состоянии по используемому протоколу отмечена в лактозожелатиновой среде. При использовании в качестве протективной среды водного раствора глицерина оптимальной является концентрация криопротектора 20 %. После трех лет хранения при-70 °С все штаммы, независимо от состава защитной среды, сохранили основные диагностически значимые фенотипические признаки. Таким образом, холерные вибрионы могут быть сохранены без пересевов в течение трех лет (срок наблюдения) без изменения основных диагностических признаков во всех тестируемых защитных средах при-70 °С.