При дальнейшем развитии атомной энергетики, как в Российской Федерации, так и за рубежом, одной из важнейших проблем является ликвидация «ядерного наследия» [1-3]. На эти цели в ближайшие 15 лет направлена Федеральная целевая программа «Обеспечение ядерной и радиационной безопасности на 2016-2020 годы и на период до 2030 года» (ФЦП ЯРБ-2) [3, 4]. В рамках ФЦП ЯРБ-2 предусмотрена разработка системы нормативно-правовых и инструктивно-методических документов по обеспечению радиационной безопасности населения и охраны окружающей среды при выводе из эксплуатации объектов использования атомной энергии и других объектов, в результате деятельности которых образовались отходы с повышенным содержанием природных радионуклидов, и дальнейшему использованию дезактивированных участков территории, зданий и сооружений.

научно-исследовательский институт радиационной гигиены имени профессора П.В. Рамзаева, Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 2 Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Москва, Россия Санитарно-эпидемиологический надзор 77 Радиационная гигиена Том 10 № 4, 2017 The average annual effective doses for the population of the settlements of the Russian Federation attributed to zones of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl accident (for the zonation purposes), 2017 gennadiy ya.

Starting from 2014, several cases of exceedance of the specific total alpha-activity of the natural radionuclides and specific activity of 222Rn were identified in the water of the underground wells in the eastern districts of the Orenburg region. Based on the results of the surveys, a number of settlements were equipped with the systems of aeration of water from underground wells prior to the distribution, but significant expenditures on the technical maintenance of the aeration units lead to their frequent malfunctions. Based on the results of the surveys of the drinking water in settlements of the Adamovskiy, Kvarkenskiy, Novoorkskiy, Dombarovsky, Svetlinsky districts and Yasnenskiy urban district, it was estimated that in some settlements specific activity of 222Rn in drinking water exceeded the intervention levels up to a factor of 10. No exceedances of intervention levels for 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 210Po and 238U were identified. Based on the results of experiments and analyses the authors performed the hygienic assessment of the indicators of the radiation safety of the drinking water from the underground water supply sources in several settlements in the eastern districts of the Orenburg region, performed the analysis of the effectiveness of the aeration systems, developed recommendations on the provision of the radiation safety of the public of the eastern parts of the Orenburg region for the use of the drinking water from the underground water supply sources and developed proposals on the improvement of the limitation of concentration of 222Ra in drinking water.

According to the analysis of requests for methodological assistance to the Saint-Petersburg Research In ­stitute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P. V. Ramzaev, measurements of radon concentration (or radon EEC) in existing operated public buildings (primarily children institutions) in the framework of surveillance actions in the regions of the Russian Federation, as a rule, are taken according to Guidelines MU 2.6.1.2838-11, intended for radiation control of public buildings only when they are put into operation after construction, major repairs or reconstruction, due to the absence of special guidelines. Compliance with the requirements of paragraph 6.5 of MU 2.6.1.2838-11 means that the building and premises are in a state that is not equal to their normal operation mode. Registration of high values of indoor radon concentration in this case leads to management decisions, including administrative suspension o f activities for up to ninety days, i.e. the closure of individual premises or even the entire building of a children institution. The consequences of making such decisions may include an increase in social tension in society and provoking radiophobia among the population. The paper presents specific recommendations for the radon survey for existing operated public buildings with non-round-the-clock stay of people, which are based on the results of the analysis of the experience of practical application of various methods of measuring indoor radon concentrations in such buildings in order to assess average radon concentration during working hours in the normal operation mode. The proposed approach can be further used as the basis for developing special guidelines for radiation control of existing operated public buildings with non-round-the-clock stay of people.

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