The existence of opportunities and prospects for scarce metals extraction from ash and slag waste of high-sulphur fuel oil burning was noted. The volatile ash produced during fuel combustion consisting mainly of metal oxides contains highly toxic substances. Their binding in a zone of burning of fuel is important not only for the purpose of extraction and further use in industry, but also to prevent their harmful environmental impact. It was shown that in the case of petroleum fuel oil an effective way to improve the performance of the fuel while maximizing the adverse environmental consequences of its combustion is to develop new generation effective fuel additives and improve filtration systems for flue gases. It has been established that the use of additives based on carbonate sludge makes it possible to achieve greater binding of metal oxides to non-volatile compounds in the burning zone of the fuel and their reduction in the composition of the emission gases. The mutual using of carbonate additives with the admixture of carbon nanotubes the effect may be even greater. Rational ash and slag waste utilization through the use of their beneficial properties will allow to free occupied areas and reduce environmental damage to the environment.

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The aim of this work is to reduce the cost of the heat pump heating system by using a solar collector in the primary circuit of the heat pump. It is known that the price of material and installation of the primary circuit collector is 30% of the total cost of the heat pump heating system. The use of a solar collector in the primary circuit of a heat pump eliminates the need for drilling or underground installation of a low-potential thermal energy collector. The rejection of the classic types of collectors: horizontal collectors and vertical probes, also has a positive environmental effect on the soil. The combined use of a solar collector and a heat pump will add variability in the layout of the heat pump heating system. The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the feasibility of operating solar collectors at the latitudes of the Republic of Tatarstan. A comparative analysis of various types of heat pump and solar collector is given, based on which the main components of the combined system were selected. The work includes calculations of the required power and surface area of the absorption of the solar collector. The results of a comparative analysis of the performance of the solar collector are presented, depending on the angle of incidence of sunlight and the average level of insolation. As a result of the work, it was determined that the use of a solar collector in the primary circuit of a heat pump will be twice cheaper compared to horizontal collectors and 4 times compared to vertical probes.