В статье представлен анализ направлений повышения жизнеспособности тканей в условиях критической гипоксии, связанных со снижением потребности клеток в кислороде. Реализация этих направлений гипобиоза сопряжена либо со снижением температуры органов и тканей, либо с индукцией механизмов торможения метаболизма и энергетического обмена, усиливающих эффекты управляемой гипотермии. Представлены основные биологические и патофизиологические закономерности, характеризующие состояния тканевой гипотермии различной степени выраженности. Приведены основные научные и технические решения, направленные на формирование у людей состояния управляемой гипотермии (искусственной гибернации) при критических состояниях, включая способы и устройства охлаждения организма, составы и перспективные направления развития фармакологической группы перфузирующих гипотермических растворов, средств индукции гибернации, устройств и способов криоконсервации органов и тканей для трансплантологии. The article presents an analysis of ways to increase the viability of tissues under conditions of critical hypoxia, associated with a decrease in the oxygen demand of cells. The implementation of these directions of hypobiosis is associated either with a decrease in the temperature of organs and tissues, or with the induction of mechanisms of inhibition of metabolism and energy metabolism, which enhance the effects of controlled hypothermia. The main biological and pathophysiological patterns that characterize the state of tissue hypothermia of varying severity are presented. The main scientific and technical solutions aimed at creating a state of controlled hypothermia (artificial hibernation) in people under critical conditions are given, including methods and devices for cooling the body, compositions and promising directions for the development of a pharmacological group of perfusing hypothermic solutions, means of hibernation induction, devices and methods for cryopreservation of organs. and tissues for transplantation.
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