Modern biomedical technologies development affords to provide the doctor with colossal amount of information about patients organism condition. However, the opportunity of using this data for medical diagnosis fully now is a distantive perspective only. The reason is a humans limited ability in assessment and interpretation this data arrays. The solution seems in artificial intelligence and expert systems wide introduction to medicine. Currently, almost all authors consider various options for constructing artificial neural networks as a way to implement artificial intelligence. This approach, which goes back to the fundamental theorem of A.N. Kolmogorov, the works of V.I. Arnold and Hecht-Nielsen [3], demonstrates excellent capabilities in a number of pattern recognition problems, which are reduced to revealing hidden details against the background of input noises. Much less often is mentioned such a method of modeling formal thinking as expert systems, which arose in the 1960s and then went into the shadows. Since the inception of cybernetics, computer programmers have tried to reproduce the mechanism of human thinking, that is, the task was to teach the computer to "think". The first known results in the field of creating and using intelligent systems were laid by the work of Norbert Wiener and G.S. Altshuller. At the same time, the creation of intelligent systems was reduced to the development of programs that solve problems using a variety of heuristic methods based on the property of human thinking to generalize.

Ivan Stepanovich Kolesnikov (1901-1985) - Soviet surgeon, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Major General of the Medical Service, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1964); Hero of Socialist Labor (1976). Laureate of the Lenin Prize and the USSR State Prize. November 4, 1968 at the Department of Hospital Surgery Professor IS Kolesnikov, together with Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Colonel-General of Medical Service A. A. Vishnevsky performed the first in our country heart transplantation (1 figs, bibliography: 15 refs).

The article is dedicated to the 220th anniversary of the founding of the General Surgery Department of the S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. During the time the department was headed by famous representatives of surgery of those times. The representatives of the General Surgery Department made a significant contribution to the development of surgery in our country, subsequently being the heads of surgical departments and medical institutions. Historically, the academic disciplines taught at the department were the primary link in the education program in surgery at the academy. Most of the heads of the department had the experience of participating in military campaigns, which is necessary for education at a military university. Traditionally, the department scientific research were devoted to the study of the wound process, wound infection, combat injuries, oncology, vascular and abdominal surgery. At present, there is currently a continuity in the formation of educational and methodological materials for various categories of students, scientific developments on topical problems of surgery have been going on (4 figs, bibliography: 4 refs).

In this article a case report of an effective combined treatment of a patient with locally advanced cholangiocellular cancer who underwent neoadjuvant regional chemotherapy, extended surgery, adjuvant regional chemotherapy, as well as a set of minimally invasive endoscopic and percutaneous endobiliary techniques, which allowed the progression of the disease, including to increase the patients survival rate is presented. (5 figs, bibliography: 5 refs).

Aim. The present study was designed to determine whether medically induced hyper- and hypothyroidism effect on incidence of colon tumors induced by methylnitrosourea (MNU) burden in rats. Methods. Female rats (n = 88) were randomly divided into four groups: I (euthyroid-control), II (hyperthyroid caused by liothyronine), III (hyperthyroid caused by L-thyroxine) and IV (hypothyroid caused by propylthiouracil (PTU), also 11 rats were intact control. Colon carcinogenesis was induced with a four intrarectal instillation of MNU (4 mg in 0.5 ml saline solution) one time per week. Liothyronine (100 ± 10 µg per 100 g of animal weight 1 time per day), L-thyroxin (100 ± 10 µg per 100 g of animal weight 1 time per day) and propylthiouracil (PTU, 2,0 ± 0,15 mg per 100 g of animal weight 1 time per day) were administered intragastrically through an atraumatic probe daily, starting from the day of the last intrarectal instillation of MNU. Rats were sacrificed at 216 days after experiment beginning, and the total colon were excised, fixed for histology and analyzed. Results. Drug inhibition of thyroid hormone function by PTU resulted in a decrease in the incidence of MNU-induced colon tumors and amounted to 27.3%. The incidence of colon tumors in the hyperthyroid group caused by L-thyroxine was 70.0% (F-test – 0.012, χ2 – 7.67; p < 0.05 compared with the hypothyroid group).