Background: This study aimed to analyze the demographic and epidemiological features of identified COVID-19 cases in Kazakhstan. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze COVID-19 cases (n=5116) collected from March 13 to June 6, 2020, in Kazakhstan. The data were obtained from a state official medical electronic database. The study investigated the geographic and demographic data of patients as well as the association of COVID-19 cases with gender and age. The prevalence of symptoms, the presence of comorbidities, complications, and COVID-19 mortality were determined for all patients. Results: The mean ±SD age of the patients in this study was 34.8 ±17.6 years, and the majority (55.7%) of COVID-19 cases were male and residents of cities (79.6%). In total, 80% of the cases had the asymptomatic/mild form of the disease. Cough (20.8 %) and sore throat (17.1%) were the most common symptoms among patients, and pneumonia was diagnosed in 1 out of 5 cases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was recorded in 1.2% of the patients. The fatality rate was 1% in the study population and lethality was 2.6 times higher in males compared to females. Each additional year in age increased the probability of COVID-19 infection by 1.06 times. The presence of cardiovascular, diabetes, respiratory, and kidney diseases affected the rate of mortality (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated a high proportion (40%) of the asymptomatic type of coronavirus infection in the Kazakhstan population. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms and lethality were directly related to the age of patients and the presence of comorbidities.

In the presence of the COVID-19 epidemic, due to quarantine measures, millions of people around the world are under the stress of infection and have to adapt to new conditions of social functioning. The high risk of developing of mixed anxiety-depressive adaptation disorders in the presence of COVID-19 quarantine measures determines the relevance of this study. Study purpose. To study the prevalence and clinical level of mixed anxiety-depressive disorders in medical personnel under the COVID-19 quarantine regime. Material and methods. 51 employees of the Republican national enterprise on the right of economic jurisdiction “Republican scientific and practical center of mental health” (RSPCMH) were examined: doctors, junior and medium-level medical personnel. The main study method is psychometric (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score – HADS). Results and discussion. The work presents an analytical review of literature data on the problem of adaptation disorders and current international studies on mental disorders in medical workers under the COVID-19 quarantine regime. According to the results of this study, affective disorders in the form of depressive and anxiety-depressive reactions within the framework of adaptation disorders were detected in 37.3% of the medical staff of the RSPCMH. Conclusions. It was found that the higher the risk of COVID-19 infection, the more often depression is detected and in departments with a lower risk of infection, more often mixed anxiety-depressive disorders are detected. Preventive measures aimed at increasing the stress tolerance of medical workers are recommended. Key words: COVID-19, stress, adaptation disorders, anxiety, depression, stress protectors, tranquilizers.

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Introduction. Good compliance of patients with schizophrenia is an objective criteria of psychiatrist`s work effectiveness. However often there is a vicious circle: lack of patient`s insight causes refusal of therapy and without therapy according to opinion of many doctors insight is not achievable. In order to break this vicious circle the technique of operated compliance was developed. Objective-assessment of effectiveness of an operated compliance technique. Hypothesis: First several months after the mental illness diagnosis the compliance is the highest since patient's family members mobilize all available resources to maintain «status quo». Noncompliance results from family's disappointment in therapy, the expected effect from which, doesn't correspond to the actual Timely involvement of the family during this period allows to bypass lack of patient's insight and helps to establish continuous supportive therapy. Materials-100 patients first diagnosed with schizophrenia: 50-experimental group, 50-control group (had conventional inpatient and outpatient treatment). Length of observation 18±4 months. Methods-clinical-psychopathological, sociological. Endpoints: number of re-admissions, drug compliance, number of disabilities, family's satisfaction. Results

Background: New psychoactive substances are a combined group of chemical substances developed in an attempt to circumvent control and restrictive measures for traditional drugs. Until 2017, the countries of Central Asia remained a gray spot on the maps of epidemiological new psychoactive substances reports. The largest share of new psychoactive substances on the Kazakhstani market became of a serious concern for both the law enforcement authorities and the public health services during the last five years.Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the proportion of hospitalizations in Kazakhstan related to new psychoactive substances addiction over a three-year period (2016)(2017)(2018) and to describe the patterns of new psychoactive substances use in the sample of admitted patients.Material and methods: This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional investigation using regional databases consisting of the 2018 cases of hospitalizations at 16 state regional mental treatment centers and 3 state narcological clinics across Kazakhstan. We analyzed 345 cases of NPS addiction.Results: The proportion of admitted in 2018 new psychoactive substances patients amounted to 10.01% (9.1%; 11.1%), comprising an ascending trend since 2016. The highest prevalence of the new psychoactive substances addiction was registered in Nur-Sultan, Almaty cities, and North-Kazakhstan region. Cathinones prevailed over other NPS groups (71.9%) and were mostly used in parallel with traditional opioids. Synthetic cannabinoids (28.1%) were associated with herbal cannabis use in three quarters of cases; smoking absolutely prevailed as the main route of their administration. Conclusion:This study suggests that new psychoactive substances addiction is a current clinical phenomenon, which should be reflected in the development and revision of the national drug treatment programs across Kazakhstan. The disparity of new psychoactive substances prevalence in the regions should be considered in the development of local anti-drug plans by the health care service and law enforcement authorities.