No abstract

Expression of AMinked genes for G6PD and GALA in interspecific hybrids between Microtus arvalis, M. subarvalis and M. kirgisorum voles was studied. Quantitative predominance of the enzyme activities of M. arvalis over G6PD activity of M. subarvalis and the GALA activity of M. kirgisorum in the female hybrids was shown. The definitive patterns of these enzyme activities was found on day 6-5 of embryonic development. Non-random inactivation of A'-chromosomes derived from M. subarvalis and M. kirgisorum in the interspecific hybrids with M. arvalis is supposed to be the cause of the phenomenon observed. A hypothesis is proposed that there is a connection between the presence of large heterochromatin regions in the A'-chromosomes derived from M. subarvalis or M. kirgisorum and the preferential inactivation of these in female hybrids with M. arvalis.

Некротизирующий саркоидный гранулематоз (НСГ) -продуктивный васкулит мелких артерий и вен с образова-нием массивных скоплений саркоидоподобных гранулем, сопровождающийся ишемическим некрозом разной сте-пени выраженности и давности. Заболевание поражает исключительно легкие. Этиология и патогенез НСГ оста-ются малоизученными из-за редкого выявления этого за-болевания, отсутствия патогномоничных лабораторных, лучевых и функциональных критериев. Согласно мирово-му опыту, основным методом диагностики НСГ остается морфологическое исследование [1][2][3][4].Термин «некротизирующий саркоидный гранулема-тоз» был впервые предложен в 1973 г. А. Liebov [5]. Автор описал 11 наблюдений пациентов, в биоптатах легких ко-торых гистологически был выявлен продуктивный васку-лит. Васкулит сопровождался наличием саркоидоподоб-ных гранулем с образованием конгломератов и некроти-ческими изменениями. При этом отсутствовала внутри-грудная лимфаденопатия, характерная для саркоидоза. У этих пациентов наступала регрессия процесса спонтан-но или после непродолжительной терапии. necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (nsG) belongs to productive small-vessel vasculitis with the formation of sarcoid-like granulomas, which is accompanied by ischemic necrosis of varying degrees and duration. The disease involves the lung only. The clinical symptoms of the disease are nonspecific so the latter is detected rather rarely. The main diagnostic technique is morphological examination. Immune complex inflammation develops in the vessel walls with the formation of macrophage-histiocytic granulomas that do not contain epithelioid cells. The etiology and pathogenesis of nsG remain little studied. Its differential diagnosis is mainly presented with tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Autopsy data from 80 patients who died of the COVID-19 infection were analysed. Using macro- and microscopic studies, specific features of pathological processes in various organs were identified. The obtained experimental data, along with information from literature sources, allowed conclusions to be drawn about the mechanisms of damaging internal organs and body systems, as well as assumptions to be made about individual links in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The thanatogenesis of the disease and the main causes of death are discussed, including acute cardiopulmonary failure, acute renal failure, pulmonary thromboembolism, shock involving multiple organ failure and sepsis. The critical importance of autopsy is emphasized, which provides valuable information on the morphological substrate for this infection closely associated with possible clinical manifestations.

A decrease in carboplatinum hemotoxicity was detected in experiments on C57B1 mice treated with the drug in combination with indralin (urgent radioprotector). Carboplatinum in a dose of 125 mg/kg, injected intraperitoneally, caused 80-100% death; the median term of death was 6 days (3-17). Single oral dose of indralin (100 mg/kg) during the 1st min or 15 min after carboplatinum injection (125 mg/kg) increased animal survival by 40.0-46.7% by day 20 of the experiment primarily during the period of manifest hemotoxicity (days 7-17), indralin injected 1, 2, or 4 h after carboplatinum exhibited no chemoprotective effect.