Aim of research. To study resistance levels to different antibiotics of pyelonephritis etiologic agents, revealing of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers among agents and development of an algorithm of microbiological diagnostics and rational antibacterial therapy of pyelonephritis. Materials and methods. A total of 115 clinical strains of enterobacteria (70 - Escherichia coli , 35 - Proteus spp. , 10 - Klebsiella pneumoniae ) isolated from urine of patients with acute and chronic pyelonephritis were included in the research. The sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial agents was determined by disc diffusion method. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production was carried out by using the double disk diffusion method. The genodetection of ESBL of various groups in etiologic agents of pyelonephritises was determined by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The resistance of microorganisms, etiologic agents of pyelonephritises to antibiotics of various groups was evaluated. The study revealed high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producers concerning to CTX-M group. Conclusion. The data obtained during the study about levels and resistance mechanisms of enterobacteria to antibacterial agents of different groups were the base for development of the algorithm of microbiological diagnostics and rational antibacterial therapy of pyelonephritis.
Резюме.Цель -организовать систему микробиологического мониторинга, основанную на выявлении эпидемически значимых антибиотикорезистентных штаммов и определении их чувствительности к антибиотикам и их комбинациям. Материал и методы. Для 130 экстремально-антибиотикорезистентных клинических изолятов Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Acinetobacter baumannii, выделенных в 2016-2017 гг. в 21 организации здравоохранения Гомельской области, выполнена детекция генов карбапенемаз методом ПЦР в реальном времени и определение минимальных подавляющих концентраций антибиотиков методом двукратных серийных разведений в бульоне. Дополнительно для каждого микроорганизма выполнено определение чувствительности к 11 двойным комбинациям антибиотиков методом тестирования бактерицидности различных концентраций. Результаты. Среди 82 экстремально-резистентных изолятов P.aeruginosa выявлено 8 изолятов (9,8%) с полной устойчивостью к антибиотикам (МПК колистина 4 и более мкг/мл) и 72 изолята (87,2%), чувствительных только к колистину. Большинство включенных в исследование штаммов A.baumannii и K.pneumoniae сохраняли чувствительность только к колистину и тигециклину. Продукция карбапенемаз выявлена у 11,0% изолятов P.aeruginosa (метало-бета-лактамаза VIM), всех изолятов A.baumannii (карбапенемаза OXA-23 -у 2,7% изолятов, карбапенемаза OXA-40 -у 97,3% изолятов), 30,6% изолятов K.pneumoniae (карбапенемаза OXA-48 у 25,0% изолятов, металло-бета-лактамаза NDM -у 5,6% изолятов). Выявлена бактерицидная активность всех комбинаций с включением колистина в отношении большинства исследуемых штаммов K.pneumoniae и A.baumannii. В отношении P.aeruginosa наиболее активными были комбинации меропенем-колистин и имипенем-колистин (бактерицидная активность для 82,9% и 89,0% изолятов). Заключение. Показано, что экстремальная антибиотикорезистентность A.baumannii и K.pneumoniae ассоциирована с продукцией карбапенемаз. Выявлены комбинации антибиотиков, эффективные в отношении экстремальноантибиотикорезистентных микроорганизмов. Ключевые слова: клебсиеллы, псевдомонады, ацинетобактеры, антибиотикорезистентность, комбинации антибиотиков, карбапенемазы.
The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is the one of the most widespread and clinically significant mechanism of resistance to modern β-lactams in the members of Enterobacteriaceae family. The aim of this review is to describe the ESBL of various groups (ТЕМ, SHV, OXA, CTX-M). The article gives the consideration of the data on spreading the ESBL in the etiologic agents of urinary tract infections and methods of their detection.
Objective: to assess the etiological structure of bacteremia in various pathological conditions. Material and methods. To check blood sterility, we analyzed results of 4548 blood tests of patients with lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, burns, cancer, fever of unknown etiology, sepsis. Cultural blood analysis was performed by means of the traditional bacteriological method or using an automated hemocultivator. Results. We isolated 477 clinically significant blood cultures. Gram-positive microorganisms prevailed over gram-negative in terms of the isolation rate, and fungemia was observed considerably most rarely (4.4%). Microbial inoculation found by the automated method was 1.5 times as high as that found by the traditional two-phase medium (14.7 and 9.5%, respectively). The etiological structure of microorganisms isolated as blood cultures in various nosological forms was assessed. Conclusion. We have revealed the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in patients with fever of unknown etiology (53.7 %), lower respiratory tract infections (39.5 %), endocarditis (31.4 %), burns (30.5 %) compared to other nosological forms. Enterobacteria were isolated with higher frequency in bacteremia in patients with malignant tumors (30.0 %) and urinary system infections (29.4 %), and gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria - with the highest specific weight in the isolated hemoculture associated with burn disease (31.6 %) and urinary system infections (29.4 %), enterococci - with greater frequency in bacteremia in patients with endocarditis (23.5 %).
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