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Background: This article is devoted to a research and practice problem-optimization of feeding preterm infants. Patients and methods: 80 preterm infants of different GA with perinatal pathology were included in the study group. Anthropometric figures of weight and length z-scores and also BMI of preterm infants, received different types of feedings, at the discharge are presented. All patients' body composition (Fat free mass and Fat mass) was estimated by air plethysmography. Results: Less mass and length at the discharge in preterm infants, received breast feeding (including fortified milk), in comparison with the infants, received mixed and formula feeding, were found out. At the same time, preterm infants received breast feeding had more optimal body composition (less fat mass), than the infants received formula feeding. Conclusion: Personalised approach to human milk fortifiers prescription is explained. Important practical value of methodology for estimating body composition by air plethysmography is established.

Background.Physical development is one of the leading criteria for assessing the health status of children. The body mass index (BMI) is a reliable sign of physical development disorders. The possibility of diagnosing childhood obesity, a significant problem of modern healthcare service, is of particular value. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in students aged 11 and 15 years attending educational institutions in the regions of the Russian Federation.Methods.The data is based on a prospective assessment of the screening of children. A total of 2,540 children were examined, the study included data of 2,023 schoolchildren of both sexes aged 11 and 15 years. The BMI calculation was assessed using SDS tables and centile scales (WHO, 2007).Results.When assessing the body mass index in 11-year-old boys in the regions of Russia according to SDS, obesity was determined in 18.6% of cases, overweight — in 15.4% of cases, and underweight — in 5.4% of cases. In 15-year-old boys, obesity was detected in 10% of cases, overweight — in 11.5% of cases, and underweight — in 8.5% of cases. In girls aged 11 and 15 years, obesity was detected in 9.2% and 3.6% of cases, overweight — in 14.3% and 10.5% of cases, underweight — in 10.5% and 8.9% of cases, respectively.Conclusion.In the Russian Federation, cases of underweight or overweight were detected, but these indicators do not exceed the number of children with normal parameters. A high proportion of obese boys is detected mainly due to 11-year-olds. More cases of obesity were registered in girls aged comparing with 15-year-old girls.

1 Научный центр здоровья детей РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация 2 Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Российская Федерация 3 Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова, Москва, Российская Федерация Статья посвящена проблеме бронхиальной астмы у детей. Незрелость дыхательной и иммунной систем, особенности течения болезни, трудности при постановке диагноза и выборе средств доставки лекарственных средств, а также небольшое количество доказательных рекомендаций по лечению астмы у детей обусловливают тот факт, что немногие руководства касаются вопроса ведения детской астмы. Несмотря на то, что астма является наиболее распространенным хроническим заболеванием у детей, значительное количество пациентов не получают адекватного лечения, в связи с чем по-прежнему не могут контролировать свою болезнь. Авторами статьи в целях увеличения доступности, распространения и внедрения стандартной терапии детской астмы были проанализированы наиболее современные документы (ICON, GINA, PRACTALL, NAEPP, SIGN), касающиеся данного вопроса, и кратко изложены основные ключевые принципы достижения контроля над астмой. Ключевые слова: бронхиальная астма, классификация, патогенез, клиническое течение, лечение, контроль болезни, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. 2013; 10 (4): [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] The article is dedicated to the issue of bronchial asthma in children. Immaturity of respiratory and immune systems, peculiarities of the disease course, difficulty in establishing diagnosis and selecting delivery agents for drugs and a limited amount of evidence-based recommendations determine the current situation: only few guides touch upon the subject of child asthma management. Although asthma is the most widespread chronic disease in children, a significant number of patients do not receive adequate treatment, which is why they cannot control asthma. The authors of this article analyzed the most up-to-date documents (ICON, GINA, PRACTALL, NAEPP, SIGN) that touch upon this subject and briefly stated the key principles of attaining control over this nosology in order to increase availability, spread and introduction of standard therapy of infant asthma.

Modern approaches to the management of urticaria in childrenThe authors presented the main provisions of the current clinical guidelines for the treatment of children with urticaria. The specifics of disease epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis are described. The steps of differential diagnosis are highlighted. For pediatric patients, treatment recommendations are provided based on the principles of evidence and a step-by-step therapy is suggested. A clear explanation is given on how to conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of therapy and assess the degree of disease activity.Авторами представлены основные положения актуальных клинических рекомендаций по оказанию медицинской помощи детям с крапивницей. Рассматриваются особенности эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенеза. Подробно освещаются этапы дифференциально-диагностического поиска. Для пациентов детского возраста приведены основанные на доказательной базе рекомендации по лечению и предложена ступенчатая схема терапии. Дано четкое разъяснение к проведению анализа эффективности терапии и оценки степени активности заболевания. Ключевые слова: крапивница, аллергические болезни, диагностика, лечение, клинические рекомендации, дети.