The research was devoted to studying the influence of the Tamir biological product in the loose deep-litter keeping of the cattle on the indicators of rearing stock live weight, average daily weight gain, and withdrawal of replacement heifers, cows, and first-calf heifers due to the limb diseases. The study was performed at the stud farm for breeding the black-motley breed of the Integrated Agricultural Production Company (collective farm) Udmurtia in the Vavozhsky district of the Udmurtian Republic in the period from 2013 to October 2018. The report on animals culling from the main herd, and reports on animals weighing have shown that in 2013-2014, before the use of the biological product, the number of heifers withdrawn from the herd at the age of 10-12 months was 12 (in 2013), or 1.4%, and 13 (in 2014), or 1.4%; at the age from 12 to 18 months-nine (2013), or 1.1%, and 12 (2014), or 1.3%; at the age of 18 months and older-three (2013), or 0.6%, and eight (2014), or 0.5% of the total number in the age groups of the animals. In 2015-2017, i.e., after the use of the biological product, the number of heifers withdrawn from the herd at the age of 10-12 months was nine (1.1%), six (0.6%), and seven (0.6%); at the age of 12-18 months-seven (0.8%), five (0.5%), and three (0.3%); at age 18 months and older-two (0.2%), two (0.2%), and one (0.01%) of the total number in the age groups of the animals. Withdrawal of rearing stock due to limbs diseases was also analyzed. While before the use of the biological product,
The aim of the study is to monitor the social, performance and financial-economic indicators of each rural area of the region on the basis of an analysis of the "problem map" and the "development reserve diagram", as well as to develop long-term programs for social and economic development. Methods. A package of methodological materials was developed to ensure systematic and comprehensive monitoring of the current state of the rural areas in the region and their reserves of socio-economic development. Results. The authors propose a new methodology for monitoring the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas on the basis of an integrated approach aimed to assess the socio-demographic situation, indicators of agricultural performance, financial and economic parameters and municipal management, which distinguishes it from the well-known methods of analyzing statistical data, municipal reports and economic subjects, expert evaluation of indicators and qualimetric method. The complex nature of monitoring, the objectivity of assessments of social as well as the performance and financial-economic indicators allow us to figure out the rating of each rural area of the region, which should be taken into account when providing government support and subsidizing agriculture and supporting the rural areas. Conclusion. We suggest, developed by us, a scheme of the guaranteed strategic development of rural areas which can be implemented in any region of Russia subject to the creation of maps of land zoning, development of regional and municipal schemes for the rational allocations, production and processing of agricultural products, development of a package of regulatory and legal documents, practical tools and recommendations, regulatory and legal framework for improving leases, development of a methodology to monitor the current state of the rural areas and their reserves of socio-economic the development.
A b s t r a c tUse of artificial insemination technologies and a purebred animal international trading led to global spreading commercial American and West-European breeds, which possess high productivity potential, but are very demanding to the feed quality, stuff experience and zoohygiene conditions. The highest genetic potential is characteristic of the Holstein cattle from the USA and Canada. Wide use of the Holstein breed in the Russian Federation resulted in rise of dairy productivity and improvement of dairy cattle technological parameters, but some problems of imported animals' health and adaptation have been revealed. The high dairy productivity inevitably leads to the weakening immunity, decreased fertility and less stress resistance. Disease susceptibility, in its turn, also ultimately decreases the productivity, fertility and the time of farming use in highly-productive cows. Nowadays a great importance is given to breeding for production traits, while the lack of resistance to the external factors as a cause of diseases and reduced performance is still remaining less studied. Our main aim was to study the adaptive abilities of the Holstein cattle of Russian and the US origin which were moved to Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in comparison with Black-motley animals long reared under the local conditions of Kabardino-Balkaria. The investigations were carried out on the farms of a pre-mountain zone (Agro-Concern Golden Kolos LLC, Soyuz-Agro LLC). The heifers were divided into 3 groups, 30 animals per each, with regard to age, physiological state, origin and productivity. The Black-motley heifers were the control group, the Russian Holstein heifers were the group 1, and the American Holstein heifers were the group 2. In the groups we studied blood bactericidal, lysozyme, complement and phagocyte activity. The dairy production was estimated monthly during the first two lactations. Fat and protein levels in milk, and cow weight were recorded, and the milkiness index was calculated. The superiority of Black-motley heifers and first-calf cows in blood bactericidal activity (by 5.7-8.3 %, Ð > 0.999, and 5.4-7.5 %, Ð > 0.999, respectively), blood lysozyme activity (by 2.2-3.1 %, Ð > 0.999, and 1.8-4.5 %, Ð > 0.999, respectively), blood complement activity (by 0.4-0.6 %, Ð > 0.95-0.99, and 3.2-5.0 %, Ð > 0.99-0.999) was found, whereas the Russian and American Holsteins were shown to possess more intensive phagocytosis (i.e., 4.9-7.7 % higher in heifers, Ð > 0.99-0.999, and 2.6-3.8 % higher in first-calf cows, Ð > 0.95-0.99). There was a true milk yield priority of 2227 kg (Ð > 0.999) in the first lactation and 2465 kg (Ð > 0.999) in the second lactation in the Holsteins originated from the US when compared to domestic Black-motley cows of the same age. However, the Black-motley cows surpassed the Holstein coevals of foreign origin due to higher milk fat and protein. Note, for the whole observation in all breeds studied the milk fat and protein were higher compared to the breed standards. Though milk quality was ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.