Purpose of the work: the ability to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with stomach cancer by individualization based on the definition of carcinogenesis indicators of the malignant process. Materials and methods: 80 patients with stomach cancer were examined, who were identified by MSI on loci VAT 25; VAT 26, the proliferation index of Ki-67 and the p53 gene mutation. The frequency of wild and mutant variants of the p53 gene was studied according to statement of the VAT 25 ta VAT 26 genes stability. In order to assess the prolefethative potential of cells in stomach cancer, the tumor tissue studied the expression of Ki-67, depending on the presence of instability of microsatellites in the loci VAT 25 ta VAT 26. The level of proliferation activity was also assessed depending on the presence of a p53 mutation. Results: The presence of MSI in tumor cells on the locus of VAT 25, there was in most cases a wild version of the gene p53. The absence of MSI according to these loces, the p53 mutation was observed more often. When comparing the differences between them, there were found that in the absence of MSN on VAT 26, the ratio between the absence of a p53 mutation and its presence was reliably different from the ratio of instability. That is why, this can be argued that in stomach cancer mutation of the p53 gene was observed mainly in tumors with the absence of MSN on loci VAT 25 ta 26. Conclusions. And now has been proven, that the data suggest that there are a multifaceted genetic disorder in carcinogenesis. In tumors with preserved function of stability genes, that is why, with the possibility of restoring chromosomal breakdowns, the occurrence and proliferation of malignant cells is associated with the violation of apoptosis at critical points in the process of cell division. In this case, this realize due to the impossibility of mutant form of the p53 gene to synthesize the necessary quarter configuration of the corresponding protein with the latter’s continued inability to stop the process of DNA replication. In this topic has been established that the mutation of the main control gene leads to loss of control over DNA and can contribute to the emergence of a malignant cell, and further loss of cell differentiation is caused by other factors. Furthermore has been revealed that the proliferative activity of swollen cells in stomach cancer has a clear association with the instability of microsatellites on both studied loca of chromosomes.

Исследовано изменение гормонального гомеостаза, гемопоэза и патоморфоза опухоли у 152 больных раком молочной железы (Т2N0M0 и T3N1M0). Больным основной группы проводили от 5 до 10 сеансов внутривенного лазерного облучения крови (ВЛОК). После полного курса ВЛОК (10 сеансов) наблюдалась девитализация опухолевой паренхимы (уменьшение объемной доли жизнеспособных клеток на 30 %); восстановление гемопоэза и гормонального гомеостаза, что свидетельствует о местном и системном лечебном эффекте ВЛОК

Purpose. To determine the features of intensive care of enteral insufficiency syndrome (EIS) in cancer patients after multiorgan surgery. Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of data from the literature and the survey of 36 cancer patients who underwent multiorgan thoracic, abdominal, retroperitoneal operative interventions. The severity of patients’ status was assessed using SOFA scale depending on the stage of ESI. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the bacterial flora of intestinal contents was studied. Results. The increase in number of advanced and multi-organ surgery in cancer treatment can be noted. Statistical data showed that in 2018–2019 operative interventions on the chest organs comprised 47 %, and on abdominal cavity — 51 %. Regardless of the localization of surgery on various anatomical and physiological sites, the enteral insufficiency manifests in 39 % of all surgical interventions. The mortality rate due to enteral insufficiency is about 46 %, and SPOI complications are noted in 78 % of cases. Compensated and subcompensated EI in the postoperative period occurs in 95 %. A new method of electrochemical detoxication using sodium hypochlorite was suggested for EI patients treatment in order to reduce the indices of their pathogenic gut microbocenosis. This method allowed to decrease the yield of E. сoli by 57,5 %, Enterococcus faecalis — by 72,3 % during the first day. At the end of study the yield of Staphilococcus xylosus dropped by 84,3 %, Candida lusitaniae and Candida spp. — by 98,3 %. Enterobacter aggomerans was reduced by 50,4 %, Staphilococcus haemolyticus and St. aureus — by 56,8 %. Conclusions. Treatment of patients with SEI allowed to decrease the rate of complications 1.4 times, the treatment time in intensive care departmet was shortened 1.7 times, treatment costs were reduced 2.4 times. Thus, it seems reasonable to pay more attention to the enteral insufficiency, particlualrly to disturbances of microbiocenosis as a marker of septic complications, in routine clinical practice.

Background. The historical survey of the activities carried out at Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology is of present interest, resulting from the need to structure the Institute development trends in terms of a centenary celebration. Providing insight to visions of the past, one can also apprehend historical events, personalities and phenomena. Purpose – to summarize historical findings on establishing and development of SO «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine». Materials. The study deals with analyzing historical scientific literature, manuscripts, archive paper records, data on electronic data storage devices and other carriers that reveal the historical aspects of forming X-ray Radiography, Radiology and Oncology in Ukraine, particularly in Kharkiv. Results and discussion. For a century of the existence of the Institute, the scientists of several generations have come a long way in forming and developing X-ray Radiography, Radiation Therapy, Diagnostic Radiology, Oncology, Radiobiology, Radiation Dosimetry and others. They were the first to receive radium for the country alongside with establishing oncology dispensaries, X-ray technical school and setting up a chain of remote research and support stations (13 radiology and 26 oncology ones). These days, the team of the Institute are going out of their way to further develop science and medicine to the benefit of human health. Conclusions. One hundred years ago, the first step in developing Oncology and Radiology initiated forming a new scientific community of experts, who contributed a lot to the formation of some frontmost medical science along with non-stop promoting efficacious scientific and theoretical evolvement of those.

Background. Esophageal cancer (MS) ranks 14th in the structure of can­cer in the population of Ukraine. Gastroesophageal cancer (GER) is sev­eral times more common. It is estimated that cancer in this area accounts for more than 20 % of all stomach cancers. The results of cancer treatment in this location are the worst among other cancers. This is due to high ne­glect in newly diagnosed patients, high postoperative mortality (15 %) and low five-year survival. Purpose. To analyze the literature sources related to esophageal cancer and gastroesophageal cancer surgery development in chronological terms and to define the main directions for further development of surgery of this pathology. Materials and methods. The literature review has involved available full-text contributions obtained via literature search in domestic and for­eign databases. The search was restricted to the studies published within the 1975–2020 timeframe. Special emphasis was placed on the effectiveness analysis of lymph node dissection and methods of esophagogastric anastomosis forming, in a comparative aspect. The paper also analyzes the materials of the authors’ own long-term studies related to this issue. From 1990 to 2018, 250 pa­tients with esophageal cancer and gastroesophageal cancer were treated at SO «IMR of the NAMS of Ukraine» and the regional clinical oncology dispensary. Results and discussion. Literature suggests that the failure of the esopha­geal-gastric anastomosis is secondary among complications. Cardiovascu­lar and pulmonary complications come first. When performing 3-zone lymph dissection increases five-year survival by 10 %. The inability of the esophagogastric anastomosis in leading clinics is from 3 to 9 %. Performing a plastic esophagogastric anastomosis in­creases its physiological properties. Conclusions. Thus, surgical treatment remains the main strategic direc­tion in the treatment of MS and GER. The primary goal of treatment is the survival of patients. Data from literature sources indicate the need for mandatory mediastinal and abdominal lymph dissection. The most successful results of treatment of esophageal cancer and gastroesophageal cancer were obtained in lead­ing specialized oncology clinics where the lowest postoperative mortality is observed. Treatment of cancer in this location requires the use of adju­vant treatments (chemotherapy and radiation therapy).