The meteorological conditions in which organogenesis stages take place and hydrothermal regime can determine the phenotypic manifestation of quantitative signs, such as, for example, the activity of alpha-amylase. The purpose of our work was to determine what factors (temperature, precipitation, heterothermal coefficient) affect the enzyme activity, at what time of the vegetation, and in what way this influence is evident. The analysis of weather conditions and falling number (FN) for the period from 2011 to 2020 was carried out. Analysis of the FN value over 10 years showed that it can vary from 90 s to 429 s, and at that, the nature of its change is the same, regardless of whether we are considering one variety or the average value for a group of varieties. The correlation coefficient between the FN of a group of varieties and individual FN is 0.94-0.98. Generally, during the vegetation season, the alpha-amylase activity was influenced to a greater extent by the amount of precipitation than by temperature. This dependence is negative - an increase in precipitation leads to a decrease in the FN, and, consequently, to an increase in the enzyme activity. However, it was found that in different phases of ontogeny the influence of temperature and precipitation can be diametrically opposite.

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The most important provision for ensuring high, stable spring wheat yields is the cultivation of new varieties, adapted to local agricultural conditions. Amur region’s specific climate and rapid development of fungal diseases during the vegetation period require particular crop varieties that are resistant to adverse factors. To create a variety that combines several targeted parameters that are stably manifested under different vegetation conditions in different years is a difficult and troublesome task since in many cases the needed features have an inverse dependence. The following paper presents the results of a three-year study of new varieties of spring wheat from cultivation nurseries. The data of field studies on the height of plants and their resistance to lodging and diseases, the duration of vegetation season, and productivity are presented. The analysis of grain quality of new varieties of wheat from Far Eastern State Agrarian University selection for hardness, natural weight, and kernel size was conducted. Most of the studied cultivation samples are medium-sized, quite resistant to lodging, successfully withstanding significant soil excessive moistening. Against natural infection background, some varieties are resistant to such dangerous, widespread infections as dust-brand, grain fusariose, and kernel black point of grain. Varieties with yields above standard, which can be classified by the quality of grain as valuable and strong wheat were identified. As part of the analysis of obtained data on several economically valuable traits, four promising spring wheat varieties can be distinguished to recommend them for the federal variety test: KSI-6, 13, 17, 18.

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