Objective. To analyze tactical approaches and types of surgical interventions for post-traumatic deformity of the spine. Material and Methods. Study design: retrospective monocentric cohort study. The study included 116 patients: Group 1 consisted of 50 patients with primary post-traumatic deformities, and Group 2 of 66 patients with secondary deformities after previously performed decompression and stabilization surgery who were admitted for revision interventions. The average age of patients was 42.1 ± 11.6 years, the long-term follow-up period varied from 2 to 60 months (16.6 ± 10.2). Methods used in the study were clinical (neurological status, ASIA, VAS) one, evaluation of treatment results according to MacNub scale, radiography, CT, radiometry (local kyphosis according to Cobb, Surgimap Spine), MRI, and statistical methods. Results. The follow-up period of Group 1 patients was 31.3 ± 28.1 months, of Group 2 patients-60.3 ± 48.1 months. Injuries were predominantly localized at the level of the thoracolumbar junction. In Group 2, more severe neurological disorders (ASIA) prevailed. All patients underwent primary or revision transpedicular fixation and Schwab vertebrotomy variants through posterior approach. The follow-Цель исследования. Анализ тактических подходов и видов оперативных вмешательств при посттравматических деформациях позвоночника. Материал и методы. Дизайн исследования: ретроспективная моноцентровая когорта. В исследование включено 116 пациентов: 1-я группа-50 больных с первичными посттравматическими деформациями, 2-я группа-66 больных со вторичными деформациями на фоне ранее выполненных декомпрессивно-стабилизирующих операций, госпитализированных для ревизионных вмеша

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The overall incidence of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis is about 1015% among persons aged 5070 years. Due to the aging of the population, the incidence of this pathology is constantly growing. The desire of older patients to preserve their quality of life and their functional abilities, along with the improvement of surgical techniques, leads to an increase in the number of surgical interventions for lumbar stenosis. This publication describes the classification of spinal canal stenosis. The clinical picture of this disease has been studied in detail. A special attention is paid to such diagnostic methods as computed tomography (CT), radiography, CT-myelography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Various methods of surgical treatment decompression and decompression-stabilization are described in detail.. The efficiency of various types of decompression operations are 7280%, the results of surgery not differing statistically between the types of decompression (hemilaminectomy, interlaminectomy). Decompression-stabilization operations are used for progressive degenerative spinal deformity, destabilization after the surgical treatment, and disruption of the vertebral-pelvic relations. Currently, the following types of stabilization are used in the lumbar stenosis surgery: ALIF, PLIF, PLF, TLIF, XLIF, OLIF, and transpedicular fixation. The rate of complications in the stabilizing interventions is 27.6%; after decompression operations 9.7%. The frequency of revision operations is also higher after stabilization 10.3%, while after decompression it is 6.5%, which makes us cautious about these types of interventions. Systems of interosseous fixation are also used in the treatment of lumbar stenosis. In the 14 years of followup after interosseous fixation and decompression in 142 patients, 30 (21.1%) patients underwent revision interventions, with chronic pain (38.5%) and disc herniation (42.3%) being the main indication for repeated surgery in 26 of them.

Background: Aortic injuries because of pedicle screw placement are quite rare, consequently management strategies to avoid vascular complications are lacking. Intraoperative or postoperative images to reveal the accuracy of screw placement in scoliotic misalignment with freehanded placed pedicle screws is therefore essential. Case Report: A 13-year-old girl with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was presented at the outpatient clinic of the authors department. Operative correction of the scoliotic misalignment including dorsal pedicle screw and rod placement with fusion from T3 to L4 was performed. Computed tomography scan after surgery showed left T9 screw malposition, accompanied by lateral compression of thoracic aorta. No clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis were noted. To avoid severe vascular complications, the thoracic screw was removed with the help of a specialized team of vascular as well as thoracic surgeons through extrapleural thoracotomy. After the removal of the malpositioned screw, the correction maneuvres were applied without the left T9 screw. No posttraumatic aortic aneurysm and other wall injury were identified after the revision surgery. The patient was discharged after 20 days of inpatient stay without the use external immobilization. The girl was in a good clinical condition after the 1-year follow-up visit without vascular or neurological complications. Conclusions: Malpositioned pedicle screws after dorsal correction in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis might be challenging. Aortic injuries because of malpositioned screws are rare; nevertheless, the presence might be a life-threatening condition despite a clinical asymptomatic patient. As a consequence, the authors recommend to perform routine postoperative computed tomography scans combined with angiography in the case of significant lateral screw positioning.

Objective. To analyze the frequency and types of microbial infection of the intervertebral disc in degenerative diseases of the spine and to compare the obtained data with the results of pathohistological, X-ray and MRI studies to determine tactical approaches to surgical interventions on the spine. Material and Methods. The study was performed in 97 patients who underwent surgical treatment for degenerative spine disease. Discectomy was performed in 48 patients, and single-or multilevel decompression and stabilization in 49. Microbiological (117 samples) and pathohistological (73 samples) studies of disc material, clinical and neurological examinations of patients, and evaluation of X-ray and MRI findings were carried out. Results. Bacterial culture of the disc material was positive in 27.0 % of cases of discectomy and in 30.6 % of decompression and stabilization cases. The most frequent pathogens were obligate-anaerobic gram-positive bacteria (P. acnes) and epidermal staphylococci (S. epidermidis), in 42.8 % and 31.4 % of cases, respectively. The mixed microflora was detected in 20.0 % of observations. Pathohistological study revealed the signs of chronic inflammation in 42.8 % of patients with disc infection and in 5.7 % of patients without infection. There was no significant correlation between infection of the disc and chronic diseases, clinical manifestations, sequester, Modic type 1 changes in MRI, segment instability, and changes in CT. Conclusion. The probability of disc infection is higher in repeated operations and in degenerative lesion of discs with pain and radicular syndrome. The most reliable mechanism of intervertebral disc infection is the theory of microbial biofilms.