ÂñòóïÃëîáàëüíà ïðîáëåìà åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè ïðîäóêò³â õàð÷óâàííÿ, îñîáëèâî ñ³ëüñüêîãîñ-ïîäàðñüêîãî ïîõîäaeåííÿ, çìóøóº øóêàòè ñïîñîáè çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñïîaeèâà÷³â ³ âèðîáíè-ê³â ïðîäóêö³ºþ, ùî â³äïîâ³äຠì³aeíàðîäíèì íîðìàì, òîáòî áåç âì³ñòó çàëèøê³â ïåñòèöè-ä³â, âàaeêèõ ìåòàë³â, í³òðàò³â òà ³í. Ïàòîãå-íè òà øê³äíèêè ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ êóëü-òóð ïðèñòîñîâóþòüñÿ äî óìîâ äîâê³ëëÿ, ï³ä-âèùóºòüñÿ ¿õíÿ àãðåñèâí³ñòü òà øê³äëèâ³ñòü. Ëþäèíà çìóøåíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè òîêñè÷-í³ø³ ïåñòèöèäè, øê³äëèâ³ îðãàí³çìè çíîâó ïðèñòîñîâóþòüñÿ -³ öåé ïðîöåñ ïîñò³éíî ïîâ-òîðþºòüñÿ. Ïðîáëåìà â òîìó, ùî òðèâàëå çà-ñòîñóâàííÿ õ³ì³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí íà ïîëÿõ, âè-íîãðàäíèêàõ ³ â ñàäàõ çðåøòîþ ïðèçâåäå äî òîãî, ùî ð³âåíü ïðèñòîñîâàíîñò³ ïàòîãåí³â ïåðåâèùèòü äîïóñòèìó òîêñè÷í³ñòü âèêî-ðèñòàíèõ ïåñòèöèä³â äëÿ ëþäèíè òà äîâê³ë-ëÿ. Âðîaeàé àáî çàãèíå â³ä øê³äíèê³â ÷è õâî-ðîá, àáî ñòàíå íåïðèäàòíèì äëÿ âaeèâàííÿ ÷åðåç íàñè÷åííÿ ïåñòèöèäàìè.Àëüòåðíàòèâîþ âaeå ñüîãîäí³ ìຠñòàòè îð-ãàí³÷íå (åêîëîã³÷íå, á³îëîã³÷íå) Ìåòà. Âèçíà÷èòè ìîaeëèâ³ñòü ïåðåõîäó â³ò÷èçíÿíîãî âèíîãðàäàðñòâà íà åêîëîã³÷íó (àäàïòèâíó) ñèñòåìó ãîñïîäà-ðþâàííÿ, ùî áàçóºòüñÿ íà âèêîðèñòàíí³ âèñîêîàäàïòèâíèõ ñîðò³â. Ìåòîäè. Çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿò³ ó âèíîãðàäàðñòâ³. Âñ³ åòàïè àãðîá³îëîã³÷íèõ äîñë³äaeåíü ïðîâåäåíî çà ìåòîäèêîþ Ì. À. Ëàçàðåâñüêîãî. Ñò³éê³ñòü ãåíåòè÷íèõ ðåñóðñ³â ïðîòè ãðèáíèõ çàõâîðþâàíü îö³íþâàëè çà 9-áàëüíîþ øêàëîþ íà ïðèðîäíîìó ³íôåêö³éíîìó ôîí³ çà ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óðàaeåí-íÿ. Îðãàíîëåïòè÷íó îö³íêó âèí ïðîâîäèëè çà 8-áàëüíîþ, ñâ³aeîãî âèíîãðàäó -çà 10-áàëüíîþ øêàëîþ. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Äîñë³äaeåíî îñíîâí³ àãðîá³îëîã³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè (ñò³éê³ñòü ïðîòè õâîðîá, óðîaeàéí³ñòü òà ÿê³ñí³ ïîêàçíèêè âðîaeàþ) 22-õ ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ñîðò³â ³ ôîðì âèíîãðàäó ð³çíîãî íàïðÿìó âèêîðèñòàííÿ. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ñò³éêîñò³ ïðîòè ãðèáíèõ õâî-ðîá ÿê îäèí ç îñíîâíèõ êðèòåð³¿â ïðèäàòíîñò³ ñîðòó äëÿ åêîëîã³÷íîãî (àäàïòèâíîãî) âèíîãðàäàðñòâà. Îçíà÷åíà ãðóïà ñòîëîâèõ ³ òåõí³÷íèõ ñîðò³â ó ñåðåäíüîìó çà ï'ÿòü ðîê³â ïðîäåìîíñòðóâàëà ñò³éê³ñòü íà ð³âí³, íå íèae÷îìó çà â³äíîñíèé (6,5-7 áàë³â), à òàêèé ñîðò, ÿê 'Çàãðåé' -äî 7,5 áàëà. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ÿê³ñíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â ïðîäóêö³¿ íîâèõ ñîðò³â ³ ôîðì âèíîãðàäó (îö³íêà âèíà äëÿ òåõí³÷íèõ, òîâàðí³ñòü òà îö³íêà ñâ³aeîãî âèíîãðàäó -äëÿ ñòîëîâèõ). ³ä³áðàíî çðàçêè ç ïîºäíàííÿì âèñîêèõ ÿê³ñíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â âèíà òà âèíîãðàäó ç âèñîêîþ âðîaeàéí³ñòþ. Äëÿ ïîïîâíåííÿ àäàïòèâíîãî ãåíîôîíäó âèíîãðàäó äîñë³äaeåíî ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ã³áðèäí³ êîìá³íàö³¿ 'Îïàëîâèé' × 'Áóðìóíê', 'Àâãóñòèí' × 'Îðèã³íàë' òà 'Îãîíüîê òà¿ðîâñüêèé' × 'Êàðäèøàõ'. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ãðóïîâî¿ ñò³éêîñò³ ïðîòè ãðèáíèõ õâîðîá ³ ïîïåðåäíüî âèä³ëåíî ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ãåíîòèïè. Âèñíîâêè. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ïðîÿâó ðÿäó ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ö³ííèõ îçíàê ó ãðóïè ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ñòîëîâèõ ³ òåõí³÷íèõ ñîðò³â òà ôîðì. Âèä³ëåíî âèñîêîàäàïòèâí³ òà âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâí³ ñîðòè òà ôîðìè, ïðèäàòí³ äëÿ âè-êîðèñòàííÿ â àäàïòèâí³é ñèñòåì³ ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ. Ðîçãëÿíóòî ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ã³áðèäí³ êîìá³íàö³¿, ç ÿêèõ ó ìàéáóòíüîìó áóäóòü âèä³áðàí³ âèñîêîàäàïòèâí³ ñîðòè, ïðèäàòí³ äëÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ñèñòåìè âèíîãðàäàðñòâà.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà : âèíîãðàä, àäàïòèâíå âèíîãðàäàðñòâî, ñîðò, ñ³ÿíåöü, ð³âåíü ñò³...
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