One of the methods for investigating complex mechanisms of pathological process development in the body is biological modeling. Absence of standardized reproducible experimental models makes comparative assessment of multiple drug efficacy studies including in case of liver diseases much more difficult. Among experimental toxic lesions of the liver, the model of liver lesion induced by tetrachloromethane in mice is widely spread, which has considerable drawbacks. So, for certain tasks it becomes necessary to work with other animal species, in particular, with rabbits. Modeling of acute and chronic lesion of liver was done by intraperitoneal administration of 50 % carbon tetrachloride olive oil solution based on 1 ml per kg of body mass twice a week. In the course of experiment, on day 5 rabbits develop toxic lesion of liver supported by hematology examination. Hepatic functional insufficiency was characterized by hypoproteinemia, dislipidemia, statistically significant increase of serum transaminase activity, total bilirubin. Ultrasound, x-ray, morphological analysis of liver tissues in experimental rabbits showed changes consistent with hepatitis signs. Thus, this investigation has demonstrated that use of rabbits as a model gives a number of advantages: the possibility of studying biochemical markers in dynamics, ultrasound and x-ray monitoring of lesion.

Studies have shown the effect on the physical and chemical parameters of beestings and milk of metabolic correctors used by animals in accordance with the scheme developed by the authors. The experiment was carried out on 30 cows of the Holstein breed contained in the agricultural factory “Plemzavod im. Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The content of the mass fraction of fat, the mass fraction of protein in beestings and milk was determined on “Laktan 1-4” milk quality analyzer, the content of trace elements in milk was determined on “Analist 200” atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the manufacturer’s method. The use of vitamin-mineral premix P60-3/P in the final 15 days of the dry period in combination with metabolic correctors is accompanied by a maximum content of protein mass fraction in beestings (6.0%), and an increase in the use of this premix to the entire duration of the dry period allows increasing the mass the proportion of fat in beestings is up to 5.41%, however, these changes were not reliable. A significant decrease in the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows of the control group (P <0.05) and a significant increase in the mass fraction of fat in animals of the third group to 4.13% (P <0.05) on the 30th day of lactation were found. On day 30 of lactation, a significant increase in the content of copper and selenium in the milk of individuals of the second (66.2% (P <0.01) and 65.2% (P <0.05), respectively) and the third (67.2% (respectively P <0.001) and 73.0% (P <0.01)) groups. On the 60th day of lactation in animals of the first group, the increase in the zinc content in milk was reliable and amounted to 6.9% (P <0.05). In cows of the second and third groups, the copper content was significantly higher than in animals of the first group by 60.3% (P <0.01) and 62.6% (P <0.01), respectively. In individuals of the third group, the selenium content was significantly higher than in animals of the first (control) group by 94.2% (P <0.01). This article was prepared as part of the state task AAAA-A18-118031390148-1.

Приведены результаты исследования цельной крови и показателей белкового обмена сыворотки крови стельных сухостойных и новотельных коров СХПК ПЗ им. Ленина Атнинского района Республики Татарстан. Дана оценка использования в рационах кормления животных витаминно-минеральных премиксов (П60-3/2 и П60-3/П) в комплексе с пропиленгликолем и без него. Показано, что применение в составе рационов кормления животных кормовых средств в различные по длительности сроки оказывает влияние на морфологический и биохимический состав цельной крови и сыворотки крови. Изменения установлены за две недели до отела и на 3-й день после него. Использование в кормлении животных третьей группы премикса П60-3/П в комплексе с пропиленгликолем на протяжении всего сухостойного периода сопровождается выраженным достоверным увеличением содержания эритроцитов на 3-й день после отела (на 21,3 %, Р<0,05). За две недели до отела у всех стельных сухостойных коров достоверно увеличивается содержание в сыворотке крови общего белка (25,2-30,1%, Р<0,01) и альбуминов (от 21,7 % (Р<0,05) до 52,2 % (Р<0,01)). Использование в кормлении животных третьей группы премикса П60-3/П с первого дня сухостойного периода сопровождается выраженным достоверным увеличением содержания общего белка за две недели до отела (30,1%, Р<0,01).

Intrauterine administration of a phytopreparation from horseradish root for 5-6 consecutive days once a day for 100 ml contributed to the treatment of catarrhal-purulent endometritis in cows, the restoration of the uterine mucosa occurred gradually and was completed by the time of 36-40 days from the start of the course of treatment. The introduction of a phytopreparation immediately after the separation of the afterbirth or the provision of obstetric care for 100 ml for 2-3 days in a row, allowed to prevent the development of catarrhal-purulent endometritis.

The analysis of diseases occurring is given in animals in the first 100 DIM. Determined milk content: MF, MP, pH, Ur, BHBA, Ac, calculated FPR. INCD in milk cows in the first 100 DIM is the second most widespread – 30.72 %. Among INCD, DSD and RSD predominate in the former – 38.8 % each, DMEO accounts for 20.4 % of disease cases. In 17.05 % of the examined animals, the FPR corresponded to optimal values, and in 82.95 % it was 1.10 or less, which may indicate the spread of subacute subclinical rumen acidosis in the animals of the studied population. Exceeding the upper limit of FPR, indicating the presence of ketosis in animals, has not been established. Studies revealed a double excess of Ur content in milk, and in animals with normal FPR values, the Ur content was 11.15 % (p < 0.001) higher than in animals with reduced FPR. The pH of milk generally corresponded to the values of the physiological norm. The level of BHBA in milk was below the threshold values, but in the animal’s group with FPR 1.10 or less, the BHBA content in milk significantly (by 80.0 %, p < 0.01) exceeded the BHBA content in animals with normal FPR values. Cows with a normal FPR value, the Ac level in milk was found to exceed the threshold value by 28.57 %, and in animals with low FPR values, the established excess was 141.43 % (p <0.05).