Определены режимы проведения экспериментов по облучению кандидатного материала первой стенки бериллия плазмой. Приведены параметры плазмы, достигнутые на имитационном стенде с плазменно-пучковой установкой при облучении образцов, результаты материаловедческих исследований, полученные методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии и энергодисперсионного анализа поверхностного слоя бериллия.

The article presents the results of a study of the structure modification and erosion of tungsten and molybdenum surfaces under plasma irradiation. It was revealed that during irradiation of the samples, a change in the surface is observed as a growth of the relief as a result of non-uniform etching of the surface. Metallographic analysis showed that when irradiating samples of tungsten with T=1000 °C and 1500 °C, the degree of relief development is low compared with a sample of tungsten irradiated at T=700 °C. It was determined that the greatest increase in roughness in samples irradiated at T=1500 °C, which is associated with the formation of small cracks in the surface layer. It is determined that appreciable erosion of the samples of tungsten and molybdenum by irradiation with plasma streams that simulated the stationary regime of the plasma occurs only at relatively high temperatures of the target. It is found that the size of cracks increases with increasing ion energy from 1.5 keV up to 2 keV. It was found that as a result of irradiating tungsten with a stationary plasma, etching pits in the size from 100 nm to 500 nm are formed in the grain body, and when irradiated with an accelerating potential of 1.6 keV, a large number of small pores ranging in size from 0.2 μm to 1.0 μm are formed as a result of surface etching.

This paper presents research results on the structural-phase state of a tungsten surface layer cross-section after carbidization in a beam-plasma discharge. Tungsten surface carbidization in a beam-plasma discharge was conducted in a plasma-beam installation (PBI). Research on the cross-section structure of the surface layer of tungsten samples after carbidization at temperatures of 1000 °C, 1200 °C, and 1400 °C was conducted using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of SEM studies, a multilayer EMF map and local elemental analysis were obtained, based on which the depth of penetration of carbon atoms into tungsten was evaluated. It is established that the penetration depth is ~20 µm. The surface layer fine structure was researched using TEM. For TEM analysis of the tungsten sample cross-section with a carbidized layer, sections were prepared by ion thinning using an Ion Slicer EM-09100 IS unit. According to the research results, it was revealed that after carbidization, tungsten is available in the surface layer mainly in the composition of carbides WC and W2C. On bright-field TEM images of the cross-section of the surface layer of tungsten samples after carbidization at a temperature of 1200 °C and 1400 °C, bending extinction contours are revealed, which indicate the elastically stressed state of the sample surface layer, which leads to bending-torsion of the foil.