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The ability to think while using critical thinking skills is one of basic requirements imposed on the modern man. Contemporary Russia lacks the sustained tradition of critical thinking, and the understanding of its significance in the professional, educational and personally relevant spheres has not been developed. While in the first two fields, there have been positive changes in recent decades, the issue of the necessity of using critical thinking in vital situations is considered neither at theoretical nor at methodological level. In this article, based on implementation analysis of the principle of autonomy of the patient, the necessity and significance of applying critical thinking in vital situations are justified. Keywordscritical thinking, features of critical thinking, debates on critical thinking, informed consent, critical thinking and the principle of autonomy of the patientI.

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