В статье рассмотрен вопрос об упреждающих мероприятиях, доступных гражданам при подготовке к спасанию из высотных зданий при пожаре. Приведены вероятные сценарии развития пожара и оптимальный порядок действий. Материал имеет целью помочь рядовому обывателю наиболее рационально использовать имеющееся у человека время с начала возгорания до наступления первого из опасных факторов пожара. Предлагаемые решения не обременительны ни с организационной, ни с финансовой стороны и могут быть приняты за базовый уровень подготовки к индивидуальному спасанию из высотных зданий при различных чрезвычайных ситуациях. The article considers the issue of proactive measures for citizens in preliminary preparation for rescue from high-rise buildings during a fire. Recommended means and probable scenarios of fire development with the optimal scheme of actions are given. The fire is always a sudden event, so it is necessary to prepare fire alarm and rescue means preliminarily and to elaborate the order of their application depending on the situation in the case of fire inside an apartment. There are distinguished from the list of normatively established primary and secondary fire hazrds two new hazards not having numerical expression namely “shortage of time” and “unpredictability”. These factors cause most of the accidents in the residential sector which is clearly seen in the materials of the statistical compendium. The material is intended to help the ordinary human to use the time available to a person from the beginning of a fire to the onset of the first of fire hazards in the most rational way. The proposed solutions are not burdensome either in organizational or financial aspects and can be taken as a basic level of preparation for individual rescue from high-rise buildings in various emergencies.
В статье рассмотрена возможность применения средств спасения с высоты пожарных для обеспечения антитеррористической защиты объектов. Обозначены основные требования к средствам спасения. The article discusses the possibility of using the rescue equipment from height for firefighters to provide anti-terrorist protection of objects. The main requirements for rescue equipment are indicated.
В статье рассмотрена программа для ЭВМ, созданная в помощь сотрудникам МЧС, проектировщикам, лицам, ответственным за обеспечение безопасности зданий и сооружений, и простым гражданам, решившим выбрать и установить на объекте защиты средства спасения с высоты. The article considers the computer program created to help EMERCOM of Russia employees, designers, persons who are responsible for safety of buildings and structures as well as ordinary citizens who decided to choose and install the equipment for rescue from height at the facility.
В статье рассмотрены средства спасения с высоты, распространяемые на территории России за последние двадцать лет. Проведен краткий обзор устройств и производителей в зависимости доли импортного содержания. Сделан прогноз развития ситуации импортозамещения в направлении средств спасения с высоты пожарных. The article discusses the means of rescue from a height, distributed on the territory of Russia over the past twenty years. A brief overview of devices and manufacturers depending on the part of imported content is carried out. There is made a forecast for the development of the situation of import substitution as for means of rescue of firefighters from the height.
В статье отражены результаты обсуждения наиболее актуальных вопросов, возникших при формировании технических требований к фонарям пожарным при разработке межгосударственного стандарта «Техника пожарная. Фонари пожарные. Общие технические требования. Методы испытаний». Предложения, требующие подробных разъяснений, касаются количества циклов применения фонаря, обоснования принятого уровня освещенности и разработки требований к нормированию светового потока источника света фонаря. На основании качественных испытаний четырех наиболее распространенных моделей групповых фонарей в подразделениях противопожарной службы Российской Федерации, проведенных испытательной лабораторией института в период с 2010 по 2018 год, сформулированы основные их эксплуатационные показатели. This article contains some comments and suggestions that caused a discussion during the consideration of the draft of the interstate standard provisions “Fire fighting equipment. Fire lanterns. General technical requirements. Test methods”. The proposals that require detailed explanations include issues related to the cycle life of lamp, the justification of the accepted level of illumination and the development of requirements for the normalization of the luminous flux of the lamp light source. As a reference point for determining the cycle life of the flashlight there was selected the battery. Based on the standard indicators of the resource of different types batteries the value of cycle life of the flashlight is equal to 400. On the base of the qualitative tests on the four most common models of group lamps in the divisions of the fire service of the Russian Federation, conducted by the testing laboratory of the Institute for the period from 2010 to 2018, the main operational indicators are formulated as the following: “The time of continuous illumination of the lamp under normal conditions according to GOST 15150, excluding the time of triggering the warning alarm (FPG), should be at least 5 hours; the illumination of the working surface with the lamp must be at least 1500 lux during the entire glow time”. The introduction of requirements for the normalization of the luminous flux of the light source of the lamp is not provided.
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