No abstract

В статье рассмотрены теоретические основы экономической безопасности страны и региона. Особое внимание уделено определению экономических и социальных показателей, характеризующих уровень безопасности. Рассмотрены возможные угрозы, приводящие к нестабильности экономической и социальной сферы. Проанализированы различные научные подходы к формированию пороговых значений индикаторов безопасности. В заключение рассмотрены показатели безопасности Пермского края за десять лет, сделаны выводы. Ключевые слова: экономическая безопасность, внутренние угрозы, внешние угрозы, угрозы безопасности, индикаторы безопасности, критерии безопасности.

Пересмотрена цепочка ценности, предложен ее модернизированный вариант. Подтверждено, что в цепочке ценности существует центральная или фокальная фирма (фирма-организатор), которая берет на себя функции координатора процесса. Доказано, что создание потребительской ценности является не конечным результатом взаимодействия, а только промежуточным.

The healthcare system is one of the most significant elements of the state social protection system. In the Russian Federation, the foundation of the healthcare system is made up by an extensive post-soviet network of healthcare facilities; meanwhile the private market of healthcare services is also becoming a massive phenomenon. However, on the large scale most of the healthcare facilities receive funding from the state budget, and their financing is greatly dependent on the socioeconomic situation in the country. Thus, lack of financing appears to be a major negative factor when it comes to rendering quality public healthcare services to different segments of the population. Development of the healthcare as a socioeconomic structure should harmonize with the socioeconomic development of the country. This principle is closely connected with the problem of adaptability of the services and units of the healthcare system to the national reforms. The key element of all the quality management models in the healthcare is the standard of the healthcare service. Moreover, it is important to mention that the core of the quality management system in the healthcare is comprised of a complex of healthcare product and service standards which make a set providing for the quality, complete range and safety of the available healthcare services.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the use of foreign labour is a widespread practice for modern businesses throughout the world, including the Russian Federation. The purpose of the paper is to reflect the trends, prospects and problems of the use of foreign labour in entrepreneurial activity in Russia to maintain sustainable development in the context of national security and the need for state regulation of immigration. In addition, methods for assessing labour mi-gration in Russia have been selected and investigated, on the basis of which statis-tical indicators of changes in the scale of labour and other immigration to Russia, the impact of these processes on the labour market and on well-being of society have been analysed. The use of advanced foreign experience in labour immigra-tion management was also proposed, namely, the score assessment of potential labour migrants before the issuance of permits, the possibility of allowing foreign students to work before and after graduation to increase the attraction of qualified labour, digitalisation in this area. Prospects for further research are related to the study of the migration policy development in Russia, management of labour im-migration, including in the context of development of a single labour market for the EAEU countries, which is currently taking place. The applied value of the ma-terial lies in the systematisation of information on trends in the development of labour immigration in the Russian Federation, migration flows and problems asso-ciated with their well-being.