Злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО) больших слюнных желез относятся к редко встречающимся новообразованиям. Этой проблеме посвящено большое число работ, в основном клинического профиля. Огромный вклад в развитие проблем опухолей головы и шеи внес профессор А.И. Пачес-один из пионеров в организации и развитии этого направления. Его клиническое руководство «Опухоли головы и шеи», переизданное с дополнениями пять раз, является настольной книгой для специалистов [8-10]. В соответствии с Международной классификацией болезней десятого пересмотра (МКБ-10) эти новообразования формируют рубрики С07 и С08. В международных изданиях и статистических справочниках России эти две рубрики рассматриваются вместе (С07,08). В настоящей работе мы впервые в России представляем данные о заболеваемости ЗНО слюнных желез не только отдельно по каждой рубрике, но и по подрубрикам С08. Учитывая, что в государственной отчетности ф.№ 35 не предусмотрено рассмотрение отдельно сведений по рубрикам С07,08, все аналитические показатели определены нами на материалах базы данных популяционного ракового регистра Санкт-Петербурга [4].
Malignant tongue neoplasms (C01, 02) belong to the group of rare visual tumor localizations. Only data on the primary tongue cancer registration can be obtained by the state statistics, mortality rate data are summarized and presented in the list of 14 headings of ICD-10-C00-14 - malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, it is impossible to obtain any analytical characteristics at the All-Russian or regional level (the distribution of patients by stages of the disease, mortality of patients in the first year of observation, accumulated patient population, etc.). This information can be obtained only from the databases created by the Population-based Cancer Registries (PCR) of a country. Aim. The aim is to study the prevalence of tongue cancer and the detailed structure of morbidity, to calculate a number of analytical indicators characterizing tongue cancer at the population level of the Federal District for the first time in Russia. Materials and methods. Based on the materials of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), statistical reference books of the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncological Research Institute, our own extensive materials and the newly created PCR database at the level of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia, to study all the possible aspects set in the research objectives, using a set of methodological techniques recommended by the IARC, of which we are a member No. 221. Results. The study has shown that tongue cancer morbidity rate of the population (standardized indicator the world standard) in the various countries from 1970 to 2010 has increased slightly or maintained its level. In Russia, such an assessment can be carried out only from 1989 to 2018. During this period, the incidence of tongue cancer among males has increased from 2.2 to 2.43 0/0000, among females from 0.4 to 0.71 0/0000. In the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, the incidence of males has reached 2.69, females 0.82 0/0000. The mortality rate of patients in the first year of observation (PCR database) has decreased from 2000 to 2018 from 59.5 to 43.1%, but remains significantly above the EU average.
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