IntroductionPublished in 2018, the 5C scale is psychometrically validated to assess five psychological antecedents of vaccination (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility). The original version offers a validated English and German scale to assess these determinants with a short 5-item scale (1 item per antecedent) and a long 15-item scale (3 items per antecedent). This sample study protocol provides a step-by-step guidance for the process of adapting the 5C scale to another country, language or cultural context. Data obtained from the 5C scale can support developing, implementing and evaluating an intervention and monitoring of general vaccine acceptance and demand.Methods and analysisPhase 1 comprises the adaptation of the 5C scale including the translation and back translation of the antecedents, an expert evaluation of the antecedents and the identification of new antecedents as well as a pretest. Phase 2 involves the validation of the translated and potentially expanded scale including the assessment of reliability, construct and concurrent validity of all items of the scale. Code for data analysis is provided.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Erfurt’s institutional review board provided ethical clearance (EV-201900416.2). The authors suggest and encourage publicly sharing all data obtained from the translated 5C scale (eg, on publication). The materials and the code for data analysis to support the process described in this protocol are available inhttps://osf.io/2agxe/. Sharing data on vaccine acceptance and demand is in the public and the scientific interest and will facilitate gaining a global overview of its current state and development over time. The authors of the original 5C scale are currently working on an online platform to facilitate publishing the data and to visualise the psychological antecedents across different countries.

Background.After inclusion of pneumococcal vaccination in the National Vaccination Schedule, it is very important to evaluate the efficacy of routine immunisation of the child population for more than 3 years. The obtained results provide opportunity to analyse the problems in achieving the goal, determine their causes, and suggest the ways of overcoming. Our aim was to study the results of a three-year period of pneumococcal vaccination of children.Methods.The quality of immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal infection in the territory of the Russian Federation were assessed by analysing the coverage of vaccination and timeliness of its conduct after the inclusion of pneumococcal vaccine in the National Vaccination Schedule. The actual epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination was assessed based on morbidity and mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia, incidence of acute otitis media among children. By questioning parents (n = 352) who applied to the Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health ‘National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, the timeliness of pneumococcal vaccination for infants was established.Results.In most regions, a high level of pneumococcal vaccination coverage was reached (87% of children). Despite the fact that the majority of children (73%) were vaccinated untimely. In particular, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Moscow vaccination centre indicate insufficient awareness of parents for the need to vaccinate infants against pneumococcal infection by primary care professionals and, as a consequence, a low level of timely initiated vaccine introduction (40.1%). The introduction of routine prophylactic pneumococcal vaccination in Russia resulted in a 35% reduction in the death rate of children from community-acquired pneumonia, led to a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media.Conclusion.The introduction of routine prophylactic vaccination of children against Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections. The surveillance system for community-acquired pneumonia requires further improvement. It is advisable to conduct an additional analysis on the reasons for refusals and medical exemptions to vaccination. It is important to increase the professional level of paediatricians in prophylactic vaccination.

Healthcare workers are at risk of contracting new coronavirus infections (COVID-19) due to their job responsibilities. The study aims to explore the incidence of a new coronavirus infection of medical workers of private healthcare organization (PHO) of JSC "Russian Railways". To analyze the incidence of COVID-19 among medical workers of PHO of JSC "Russian Railways", we used the data of weekly monitoring conducted by the company from 5.04.2020 to 28.03.2021. The χ2 method was used for statistical processing. The epidemiological data were also smoothed by linear filtering using 2 points. A feature of the medical service of PHO of JSC "Russian Railways" is the continuous nature of its activities. 5 hospitals were converted to COVID hospitals. 12.9% of cases of COVID-19 were recorded among employees of PHO of JSC Russian Railways. The minimum number of cases was registered on the Far Eastern and East Siberian Railways. The maximum number of cases was noted on the South-Eastern and Northern railways. 94% of the sick were on outpatient treatment. Half of the sick are nurses. The testing of medical workers of PHO of JSC "Russian Railways" revealed a higher percentage of people with IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 virus than the number of cases registered. This may indicate an asymptomatic course of the disease in medical workers. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of preventive measures to protect medical workers of PHO of JSC "Russian Railways" from a new coronavirus infection. The conducted research will increase the effectiveness of preventive measures in the other PHO.

Relevance. The effectiveness of vaccination of the working population against COVID-19 in the Russian background has not been studied enough.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination of the working population with Gam-COVID-Vak (Sputnik V) in the Russian Railways as an example.Materials & Methods.The effectiveness of vaccination with Sputnik V among employees of Russian Railways in the period from January 21 to November 31, 2021 was performed with the Cox regression method.Results. The effectiveness of Sputnik V against COVID-19 infection with was 97.8% (95% CI 97.8–97.9%) for two doses, 91.9% (95% CI 91.6–92.2%) for a single dose, and 97.9% (95% CI 97.6–98.1%) for revaccination, all after socio-demographic factors adjusted. The effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 with hospitalization was 97.5% for two doses of Sputnik V (95% CI 97.1–97.9%), 86.1% (95% CI 83.7–88.1%) for a single dose, and 98.2% (95% CI 96.3–99.2%) for revaccination. The effectiveness against lethal COVID-19 was 95.2% (95% CI 93.1–96.6%) for two doses of Sputnik V and 94.8% (95% CI 89–97.6%) for one dose. The high efficiency of vaccination could be associated with a fairly young age composition of the employees of the Russian Railways.Conclusions. The study showed the high effectiveness of vaccination with Sputnik V against COVID-19 among the working population.