Introduction There is a body of experimental evidence that mice and rats use chemical signals to avoid sexual contact with infected conspecifics. In contrast to animals, body scent of sick humans is employed only in medical diagnostics. A modification of human body odor, due to an infection, has not been studied as a potential signal for choice of a sexual partner. It might, however, be especially important for sexually transmitted infections (STI) because many such infections have no obvious external manifestations. Aim In this study, we have investigated odor pleasantness of young men infected with gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods We collected armpit sweat and saliva from young men (17–25 years old) belonging to three groups: healthy persons (N = 16), young men infected with gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N = 13), and persons recovered due to specific therapy (N = 5). The sweat samples odor was then assessed by healthy young women (17–20 years old). Concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured in saliva by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main Outcome Measures Subjective rates of odor pleasantness, association of scent of armpit sweat with odor descriptors, stepwise regression of odor pleasantness and salivary cortisol, testosterone, IgA, and IgG. Results The odor from infected individuals was reported as less pleasant in comparison with the odor of healthy and recovered young men. The scent of infected men was more frequently associated by raters with the descriptor “putrid.” Odor pleasantness of the male sweat correlated negatively with concentration of the nonspecific salivary IgA and IgG, which was measured as an indicator of current immunoenhancement. Conclusion Perhaps, the immune-dependent reduction of the scent pleasantness in the acute phase of STI is part of an evolutionary mechanism ensuring, unconsciously, avoidance of a risky romantic partner.

No abstract

Energy release and its mechanism in metal/insulator/metal (MIM) structures are reported. Langmuire-Blodgett (LB) films of polyimide (PI), 2-pentadecyl-7,7 0 ,8,8 0 -tetracyanoquinodimethane (C 12 -TCNQ) and a mixture of C 12 -TCNQ and Bis(ethyleneditio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) are used. The thickness of the LB films is approximately 100 # A, in other words very thin. In a previous study, energy was observed to be released from the structure of Al/PI/Au for approximately three years. The energy release from the structures of Al/C 12 -TCNQ/Al, Al/C 12 -TCNQ and BEDT-TTF/Au is the same as that from the structure of Al/PI/Au. One factor in the mechanism of energy release is considered to be the difference in work function between Al and Au, or the polarization of C 12 -TCNQ LB films. An other factor considered is the diffusion of electrons in LB films. The difference in work function is the cause of energy release in an Al/PI/Au structure, the polarization in an Al/C 12 -TCNQ/Al structure, and both in an Al/mixture/Au structure. A decrease in the temperature of the MIM structure was ascertained with the energy release. That is, thermal energy was considered to be transduced to electrical energy in the MIM structure. Furthermore, it is shown that the force of electron diffusion is stronger than the binding force between the positive and negative charges. It is clarified that neither a chemical reaction nor contact potential is the cause of energy release.

Мастер-класс ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НАВЫКАМ ОКАЗАНИЯ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП Автономная некоммерческая организация дополнительного профессионального образования «Учебно-консультационный центр аварийно-спасательных формирований им. В.В. Никулина», Новомосковск, Тульская обл., Россия Руководитель -Исраилова Татьяна Анатольевна Исраилова Т.А. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ НАВЫКАМ ОКАЗАНИЯ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП Israilova Tatyana A. ISSUES OF TRAINING FIRST AID PROVISION SKILLS TO VARIOUS SOCIAL GROUPS 4-10 июня June 4-10 СЕКЦИИ КОНГРЕССА TOPICS OF CONGRESS 1. Стрессы и неврозы: механизмы, профилактика и коррекция Stress and neurosis: mechanisms, prophylactic and correction Агаева С.В., Фараджев А.Н.

The article presents the analysis of influence of neurodynamic and personal features on the safety and reliability of driving. An analysis of a number of accidents (road accidents) was performed, the psychophysiological diagnostics included the assessment of the main properties of the nervous system, psychodynamic characteristics and personal features according to the scales of the MMPI questionnaire. Data on 608 people characterizing the functional condition of the nervous system, the personal and psychodynamic features allowing to distinguish three groups have been studied: The 1st group is the drivers who have not violated the traffic rules; the 2nd group is the drivers who have violated the trafflc rules once during the year; the 3rd group is the drivers who have violated the traffic rules 4 or more times. Among the indicators characterizing neurodynamic functions the most reliable distinctions in the operability of a brain and degrees of expressiveness of exciting and inhibitory processes and motive and coordination sensomotor reactions have been found. These results are important when developing the approaches concerning safe behavior on the roads, and also when organizing work and optimizing the process of training of future motor vehicle drivers.