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Background. The ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) draws attention to the significance of molecular and genetic monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 spread among the population of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants in Russia.Materials and methods. The analysis of the circulation dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants in Russia was carried out, covering the period from 28/12/2020 to 26/6/2022. The analysis included the data from Rospotrebnadzor Report No. 970 "Information about Infectious Diseases in Individuals with Suspected Novel Coronavirus Infection" and the Virus Genome Aggregator of Russia (VGARus). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was confirmed by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The primer panels developed at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology were used for amplification of genomic fragments and the subsequent sequencing.Results and discussion. Using the Russian VGARus platform developed by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, we received the data on mutational variability of SARS-CoV-2. By monitoring the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants in Russia from 28/12/2020 to 26/6/2022, we found that Delta and Omicron genetic variants prevailed at different stages of the epidemic.Conclusion. The data of molecular and genetic studies are an essential component of epidemiological surveillance, being critically important for making executive decisions aimed at prevention of further spread of SARS-CoV-2 and laying the groundwork for creating new vaccines.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ MALDI МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ОСОБО ОПАСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб», Саратов, Российская ФедерацияМасс-спектрометрия является современным физико-химическим методом анализа, позволяющим проводить качественный и количественный анализ состава вещества, основанный на предварительной ионизации входящих в его состав атомов или молекул. Одним из новых методов ионизации, благодаря которому масс-спектро метрическое исследование макромолекул получило широкое распространение, является разработанная матричноактивированная лазерная десорбция/ионизация (MALDI), представляющая собой импульсное лазерное облучение исследуемого вещества, смешанного с матрицей. В обзоре представлены современные данные о применении метода MALDI масс-спектрометрии для проведения родо-и видоспецифической идентификации микроорганизмов в практике диагностических лабораторий. Рассмотрены преимущества MALDI-TOF идентификации по сравнению с бактериологическими, иммунологическими и молекулярно-генетическими методами исследования. Обозначено место масс-спектрометрии в системе лабораторной диагностики инфекционных болезней, в том числе особо опасных на территории Российской Федерации.Ключевые слова: MALDI масс-спектрометрия, MALDI-TOF, идентификация, патогенные биологические агенты. A.N.Spitsyn, D.V.Utkin, V.E.Kuklev, S.A.Mass spectrometry is a modern physical-chemical analytical method that provides for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the substance composition. It is based on pre-ionization of the atoms and molecules included into it. One of the advanced methods of ionization, due to which mass-spectrometry investigation of macromolecules has become a frequent practice, is matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The essence of it is the pulsed laser irradiation of the matter under study, mixed with the matrix. The review discusses current data on MALDI mass-spectrometry application for the performance of species-specific and genus-specific identification of microorganisms at the premises of diagnostic laboratories. Considered are the basic advantages of MALDI-TOF identification as compared to bacteriologic, immunologic, and molecular-genetic methods of assessment. Allocated is the mass-spectrometry position in the system of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases, including particularly dangerous ones, in the territory of the Russian Federation.

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Put forward is an efficient method for manufacturing cholera toxin B-subunit. Its advantages are relative simplicity and economy feasibility, as well as maximum output of the purified B-subunit, absolutely free from toxic A-subunit contaminant. All this is due to the deployment of cholera vibrio recombinant strain producing only cholera toxin B-subunit instead of cholera toxin as it is, which results in lack of residual preparation toxicity. Applied has been gel-penetration column chromatography, providing for stable native state and maximum antigen output. The method under discussion is verified experimentally. Sample purity has been analyzed after each phase of chromatographic investigation on TSK gel HW-60, using disc electrophoresis. It is established that three steps of purification are ample for the obtainment of cholera toxin B-subunit preparation free from admixtures. Immunological activity of the purified B-subunit is validated by monoclonal antibody obtainment. Designed preparation of cholera toxin B-subunit and monoclonal antibodies to it can serve as a basis for the development of various immune-diagnostic test-systems alternatives.