Beans should be studied as an ecological object that can be used to replenish the reserves of nitrogen compounds in the soil and increase its biological activity. The goal was to conduct scientifically based zoning of varieties and assess their adaptive and productive potential in terms of productivity and nitrogen fixation. The study was conducted in the training and production department of the Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020-2022, using six varieties common in production. Standard methods of genetic and statistical analysis were used to investigate the parameters of adaptive variability. The study of phenological changes showed that, depending on the variety, it takes from 54 to 67 days before the onset of technical ripeness, and the variation of this trait is 8%. The shortest period before harvesting green beans was characterised by the varieties Zorenka and Casablanca. The variation of the growing season before the onset of biological ripeness was in the range of 90-108 days (CV=6%). According to the indicator of attachment of the lower bean, suitable varieties for mechanised harvesting were identified – Zorenka and Casablanca. Analysing the parameters of adaptability of the “bean weight” and “yield” indicators, a stable variety was found – Fruidor and highly productive varieties of intensive type Paloma, Laura, Zorenka, and Casablanca. The most productive variety was Zorenkya – 12.7 t/ha, and the least productive – Fruidor – 1.9 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the varieties Purpurova Koroleva, Zorenka, and Casablanca stood out, the yield of which was at the level of 2.22-2.89 t/ha, which is 30.8- 70.6% more than the standard. Analysing the dependence of the growth and development parameters of green bean plants, it can be seen that these traits depend more on the conditions (CVA, %) in which they were formed than on the genotypic component (CVG, %). The results obtained provide useful information on commercial and seed production, productivity and the nitrogen-fixing ability for introduction into industrial production or further breeding practice and prove that green bean varieties are suitable for both vegetable production and high-quality seeds, as well as for biologisation of production through the use of biologically fixed nitrogen
Дослідження проводили у 2020–2021 рр. в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Представлено результати щодо вивчення ефективності дії абсорбентів у формах гелю та гранул на продуктивність рослин помідора при внесенні під попередник – васильки справжні. Схема досліду включала гібриди помідора Бобкат F1 та Усмань F1 , які вирощували за загальноприйнятою технологією та абсорбенти ТМ «MaxiMarin» у вигляді гранул та гелю. Використання абсорбуючих матеріалів прияло збільшенню кількості китиць на одній рослині на 1 шт, або 20%, проте невиповнених китиць, на яких формувалось по 2–3 плоди замість 4–5 шт; сприяло збільшенню кількості квіток 25,0–47,1% залежно від гібриду і абсорбенту; кількість плодів на одній рослині зростала на 21,4 і 18,8% у гібридів Бобкат та Усмань за використання абсорбенту у формі гранул. Застосування абсорбентів сприяло збільшенню маси плоду на 2,3–4,5% відносно контролю. Гібрид Бобкат реагував більш відчутно, збільшення маси плоду за використання гранул складало 5,0%, гелю – 2,2%. У гібриду Усмань маса плоду зростала на 4,5 і 2,6% відповідно до варіанту. Урожайність томатів за використання абсорбуючих матеріалів у формі гранул збільшувалася на 27,1 і 24,0% відповідно до гібриду Бобкат і Усмань; у формі гелю – на 16,9 і 15,4%. Продуктивність помідора підвищується із застосуванням суперабсорбуючих полімерів. Аналізуючи показники біохімічного складу можна констатувати, що абсорбуючі матеріали неістотно знижують якість продукції. Так, вміст сухої речовини у плодах зменшувався на 7,3–13,1% залежно від гібриду і форми абсорбенту; вміст аскорбінової кислоти з на 5,3–16,8%; протеїну на 6,4–12,8%. Результати досліджень вказують на покращення продукційних процесів сільськогосподарського агроценозу, що в подальшому сприяє підвищенню врожайності помідора. Даний елемент технології можна рекомендувати сільськогосподарським виробникам, які вирощують овочі в районах з нестабільною або недостатньою кількістю опадів, що сприятиме істотному збільшенню врожайності та умовному виходу з одиниці площі, але неістотному зниженню якісних показників плодів помідора.
Purpose. To determine the subspecies and variety/sample of garlic with the best nutritional value by analyzing the difference between nutritional value indicators and their variation according to the time of planting (winter or spring). Methods. During 2020–2022, in field conditions (Uman, 48°46’N, 30°14’E) were studied 25 breeding and local forms of garlic (9 – winter bolting; 9 – winter non- bolting; 11 – spring, among which samples No. 14, 33, 43 and 44 were determined to be suitable for planting in autumn and spring. For the analysis of the obtained results, generally accepted methods of genetic and statistical analysis were used. Results. Varieties and samples with high protein content were selected – ‘Giovanna’, ‘Sofiivskyi’, No. 14, 43, 54 and 55; with high calorie pulp – ‘Apollon’, No. 14, 27, 33, 43 and 57 (can be the starting material in the process of creating highly nutritious varieties for the needs of the food industry). With regard to nutritional elements, the accumulation of proteins in the pulp of winter non-bolting garlic was 4.1 and 20.9% higher than that of winter bolting and spring garlic, respectively. The highest fat content was found in the pulp of winter bolting and spring subspecies. Spring garlic accumulated the most carbohydrates, while winter non-bolting garlic accumulated the least. At the same time, the energy value indicator of spring garlic was 130.03 kcal/100 g raw pulp mass, which was 3.1 and 12.6% higher than that of the winter bolting and winter non-bolting subspecies, respectively. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that winter garlic was significantly superior to spring garlic in terms of protein content in the pulp. The difference in fat content was insignificant. Spring garlic pulp was characterised by a significantly higher amount of carbohydrates and therefore the highest calorie content.
Aim. The optimization of conditions for bacterial expression of recombinant protein AIMP1/p43 has been carried out in order to increase the yield of stable protein in solution. Methods. Protein expression in bacterial expression system, metal-chelating affinity chromatography, gel-electrophoresis. Results. The influence of expression inductor IPTG concentration on final yield of target protein has been studied. The optimal time and temperature of cultivation of bacterial culture with inductor has been investigated. Optimal culturing conditions for Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)RIL cultivation have been proposed to achieve a high expression level of soluble recombinant protein. Conclusions. It has been established that the yield of soluble recombinant AIMP1/р43protein increased significantly with the decrease of IPTG concentration to 0,5 мМ, decrease of temperature to 25 о С and increase of cultivation time to 8 h. This gives one the possibility of preparing the protein AIMP1/р43 in enough amount for its further structural studies and use as a new molecular biotechnological product.
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