Many domestic and foreign observers have claimed that Russians have a unique constellation of personality traits that mirrors their distinctive historical and cultural experience. To examine the hypothesized uniqueness of Russian personality, members of the Russian Character and Personality Survey collected data from 39 samples in 33 administrative areas of the Russian Federation. Respondents ( N = 7,065) identified an ethnically Russian adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the target using the Russian observer-rating version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The mean personality profile of Russians was very similar to the international average based on 50 different countries, debunking the myth of a unique Russian soul.The small variations from world norms did not converge with depictions of Russian national character in fiction and the scholarly literature. New items intended to capture distinctive, emic aspects of Russian personality provided no new information beyond the familiar Big Five dimensions. Religion, ethnicity, and beliefs about the uniqueness of the Russian character and the malleability of personality traits had little effect on personality ratings. Perceptions of the Russian soul do not seem to be based on the personality traits of Russians.
Доктор социологических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой истории, культуры и социологии, Волгоградский государственный технический университет nv-dulina@yandex.ru просп. Ленина, 28, 400005 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация Дарья Викторовна МоисееваСтарший преподаватель кафедры менеджмента, маркетинга и организации производства, Волгоградский государственный технический университет moiseeva-d@yandex.ru просп. Ленина, 28, 400005 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация Илья Александрович НебыковКандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории, культуры и социологии, Волгоградский государственный технический университет iks@vstu.ru просп. Ленина, 28, 400005 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация Аннотация. В работе обоснована актуальность изучения различий уровня фи-нансовой грамотности и практик финансового поведения у мужчин и женщин. Проде-монстрированы подходы к определению понятия «финансовая грамотность», широко используемые в зарубежных исследованиях. Аргументирована необходимость изуче-ния процессов формирования финансовой грамотности в ходе социализации, обоснова-на необходимость оценки роли и задач мужчин и женщин в этих процессах. Предложе-ны различные уровни финансовой грамотности с точки зрения этапов социализации: а) активная, пассивная; б) развитая, неразвитая; в) сформированная, несформирован-ная. Предложенные уровни сведены в единую схему. Выполнен обзор российских и зарубежных исследований, направленных на изучение гендерных особенностей финан-сового поведения и финансовой грамотности. Выявлена недостаточность проработан-ности данной проблематики, отсутствие российских исследований по гендерным осо-бенностям финансовой грамотности. Исследования, выполненные в разных странах мира (Бразилия, Великобритания, Китай, Малайзия, Новая Зеландия), фиксируют сре-ди мужчин более высокий уровень финансовой грамотности, более ответственные фи-нансовые решения, принимаемые ими, более широкий спектр финансовых возможнос-тей, им доступный. Сформулирована гипотеза о наличии различий финансовых прак-тик, распространенных среди мужчин и женщин. Для эмпирической проверки выдвину-
Introduction. The study of the causes affecting the formation of the ecological situa- tion in various regions of Russia seems to be of relevance. The purpose of the paper is to identify trends and contradictions in the transformation of the socio-ecological system of a region by means of a case study of the Astrakhan Region. Materials and Methods. The materials used were the pieces of sociological re- search conducted in the Astrakhan Region in 2010-2016. Among the methods used were: questioning, interviewing, and analysis of statistical information. The study was conducted in terms of the systemic approach that combines the ecological and social components. Results. The analysis of the causes of the unfavorable ecological situation in the Astrakhan Region has been carried out. The study has revealed lack of awareness among the residents of the existing level of air and water pollution, which usually characterize the ecological aspects of the quality of life of people, directly affecting their health, work efficiency, and development of the territorial community. Discrep- ancy between the positive assessment of air and water quality and the real state of affairs in the region has been revealed. Discussion and Conclusions. The data obtained allow to draw a conclusion about the imbalance of the socio-ecological system of the Astrakhan Region and its un- stable state. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of using the results of the research to predict changes in the socio-ecological system of a region and in the development of methodological recommendations on how to manage it.
Молодежь в процессах модернизации: оценка состояния (на примере регионов Южного федерального округа)*
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