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Progressive weight loss is a frequent companion to somatic pathology. The risk of death is known to increase dramatically among those with a body mass index of less than 19 kg/m. Even mild weight loss in the presence of severe diseases can have a substantial impact on the course of the disease. The paper presents current views on malnutrition, its prevalence in the presence of various somatic diseases, and clinical significance. It describes the basic pathogenetic components of weight loss and the possible ways of correcting nutritional status. Particular emphasis is placed on the methods of nutritional support that is currently regarded as one of the most important components of a comprehensive approach to treating patients with chronic diseases. The authors give recommendations for the assessment of the nutritional status of patients in clinical practice and algorithms for their malnutrition management.

An effective system of children’s and youth sports, selection and preparation of a the reserve for national teams predetermines the success of athletes in international competitions. Therefore, the development of medical and biological support of children’s sports is an important part of sports medicine. It is proved that when building a training process for different ages, it is necessary to take into account the adaptation processes, as well as the energy supply of the child’s organism. Based on numerous studies, we can conclude that mitochondria play the most important role in the process of energy supply, as well as carnitine, a substance that is a carrier of long chain fatty acids into the cytosol, an activator of beta oxidation and the Krebs cycle. Timely detection of factors adversely affecting and limiting physical activity at the macro level (overtraining, incompatibility of physical activity with the body capabilities) and at the micro level (carnitine deficiency), the ability to eliminate these factors and the adequate use of correction tools help to achieve high results in sports and preserve the health of the athlete.

Д исмакро-и микроэлементозы встречаются у подавляющего большинства населения различных регионов России [1]. Отклонения в содержании химических элементов в организме человека могут быть вызваны различными факторами: внешними (экология, питание, образ жизни) или внутренними (забо-левания, генетические особенности и др.). Проблема распространенности дисбаланса минералов у детей на сегодняшний день остается актуальной [2, 3]. Дисэлементозы у юных спортсменов-наименее изученные, хотя и чрезвычайно распространенные состояния. Организм ребенка, испытывающий предельные физические и психоэмоциональные нагрузки, высокочувствителен к дефициту биоэлементов [4, 5]. Нарушение обмена минералов служит одним из факторов, способных привести к широкому спектру расстройств в состоянии здоровья детей и подростков. Донозологическая диагностика дисмакрои микроэлементозов представляет собой определение стадии адаптационного процесса на пути от здоровья к болезни. Исходя из этого целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение особенностей макрои микроэлементного состава волос и слюны юных спортсменов.