Objective: to study the clinical and laboratory manifestations of acute intestinal infections of bacterial etiology in hospitalized children, depending on the etiology, age, topic of the lesion, and complications.A cohort clinical study of 570 children hospitalized from January to October 2019 in the infectious wards of Children's Clinical Hospital No.9 in Moscow was conducted. Studies included routine laboratory methods, bacteriological analysis of feces, Latex test, ELISA, PCR to detect pathogens, serological reactions to detect specific antibodies in blood serum. Two groups of patients were specially formed to compare the features of the course of bacterial diarrhea without hemorrhagic colitis (n = 111) and with hemorrhagic colitis (n = 125).Among 33.2% of cases of deciphered etiology of bacterial diarrhea, Salmonella was isolated in 14.6%, Campylobacter — in 4.7%, Shigella — in 3%, in other cases — conditionally pathogenic flora. Salmonellosis and Сampylobacteriosis with the same frequency are recorded in children in the age groups of 1—3 and 3—7 years, in half of the patients proceed as enterocolitis (58 and 52%, respectively). Shigellosis is diagnosed in children older than 1 year of life with the same frequency in age groups 1—3, 3—7 and older than 7 years, a third of patients (35%) develop severe forms.In most cases (83.2%), a complicated course of bacterial diarrhea was detected, more often dehydration 1 and 2 degrees (36.5%), acute respiratory viral infections (19.6%), mesadenitis (11.2%), community-acquired pneumonia (4.6%).Enterocolitis is the topic of lesion in half of the children, and every 5th patient develops hemorrhagic colitis (21.9%). In 44% of cases of established etiology of hemorrhagic colitis, Salmonella was confirmed. Hemocolitis also develops more often with shigellosis, campylobacteriosis and clostridiosis. In the group of bacterial diarrhea with hemorrhagic colitis, significant differences were revealed compared with the group without hemocolitis: by the frequency of development in children under 3 years of age; by the duration of treatment in a hospital; by the frequency of mesadenitis; by the content of stab neutrophils in the hemogram, reflecting a more pronounced inflammation in hemorrhagic colitis.Thus, bacterial diarrhea in children remains relevant due to the severity of inflammation, the incidence of complicated course and hemorrhagic colitis, which requires hospitalization.

Introduction. In this study, there were examined features of the impact of exam stress on mental performance and anxiety level in 2-3 year students of medical and pedagogical universities. Materials and methods. The levels of reactive and personal anxiety were studied according to the C. Spielberger anxiety scale adapted by Yu. L. Khanin, attention was assessed using the Pieron-Rüser test, the Bourdon-Anfimov correction test was used to study the level of mental performance, the type of temperament was determined using a two-factor model of extraversion and neuroticism using questionnaire H.J. Eysenck. The study was implemented in two stages: the first stage - during the semester period, and the second stage - during the examination session. For processing the data obtained during the study, a standard statistical software package was used, and correlation analysis was used to identify the relationships between the variables studied. Results. The assessment of situational anxiety in the second stage showed a statistically significant increase in the number of students with high and extremely high levels of anxiety in 24 and 3 respondents from the 1 group respectively (p ≤ 0.05), and 17 and 3 respondents in group 2, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Correlation analysis of the relationship between reactive anxiety and mental performance showed a weak and medium correlation among students in both groups. The attention study in both groups showed that in the second stage of the study, the indices change: in 1 group, the proportion of students with a low level of attention increased to 40%, and in 2 the number of students with low and very low level of attention decreased by 2.77% and 11.08%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Increased study loads and requirements for students were proved to contribute to an increase in the level of reactive anxiety, in the period between sessions indices of mental performance in students decrease, respectively, and the level of attention declines.

Introduction. The modern development of information and communication technologiesand the current epidemiological situation have led to the widespread use of distance educational technologies. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the data obtained during the hygienic assessment of the characteristics of the lifestyle and activity of students in the period of active introduction of forms and methods of distance education.Material and methods. An online survey of 498 students in 2019 during the period of traditional education and 1587 students in April 2020 during the implementation of the educational process in the distance format was conducted. The coordinator of the work was the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.Results. The obtained data allows talking about the negative impact of electronic devices on the lifestyle of students. A significant increase in the time of the use of gadgets (almost twice) and their number (2-4) when transferring the educational process to a remote format is proved. In general, the use of stationary and mobile electronic devices in more than 50% of respondents amounted to five hours or more. A decrease in the quality characteristics of the lifestyle of students in higher education during the transition to distant education has been established, while more than a third of them do not realize this. As risk factors, a decrease in motor activity, visual impairment, neuropsychic stress, poor nutrition, etc. In the absence of direct contact with university teachers, the opportunities for creating healthy lifestyle skills within the university are reduced and the importance of teachers as an authoritarian influence and a personal example for students is reduced.Conclusion. Informatization and the introduction of distance learning technologies in the higher education system require comprehensive studies of the advantages and disadvantages of such a learning format. The forced mass introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process has exposed many problems that have not yet been given sufficient attention and, in the future, they can become the basis for promising research in the field of educational hygiene. The results obtained suggest that modern students do not pay enough attention to their lifestyle in the period of the distant education.

Introduction. The article presents the materials of a pilot study conducted during the rapid forced transition of educational organizations in the Russian Federation to the implementation of educational activities in a remote (distant) format.The aim of study is a hygienic assessment of the use of information and communication technologies and features of the lifestyle of teachers during the organization of distance learning.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the survey data was conducted (a questionnaire developed by teachers of the Department of hygiene of the faculty of Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian State Medical University, the teachers of general education institutions, secondary and higher professional education on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of training in traditional and remote format, the issues of subjective evaluation by teachers of the impact of modern gadgets and time of their use on their health, as well as analyze the level of competence of teachers in matters of students’ health preservation and conservation of his health. A total of 1,452 teachers were interviewed, the main share being women (about 80%) living in various cities of Russia.Results. School teachers and university teachers in general adequately assess the risk of behavioral factors of irrational use of electronic devices (ED) on the state of health. However, there is a group of teachers who “underestimate the risk of exposure” (about 20%), and their number increased in March-April 2020, i.e. during the transition to remote training. Online training has an impact on the state of the body of both the student and the teacher.Comparative analysis showed that in the period of distance learning has increased the amount of used power plant; several times increased screen time; increased burden on the state of the visual analyzer, musculoskeletal system; has changed the way of life of teachers, significantly increased neuro-emotional voltage.The obtained data confirm the feasibility of further research in this direction, the need to normalize the work of teachers in the new conditions of remote work in an online format in order to preserve their health.Conclusions. The transfer of the educational process to a remote format contributes to a significant increase in the load on individual functional systems of the teacher’s body, which negatively affects the state of his health.

No abstract