Introduction. The modern development of information and communication technologiesand the current epidemiological situation have led to the widespread use of distance educational technologies. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the data obtained during the hygienic assessment of the characteristics of the lifestyle and activity of students in the period of active introduction of forms and methods of distance education.Material and methods. An online survey of 498 students in 2019 during the period of traditional education and 1587 students in April 2020 during the implementation of the educational process in the distance format was conducted. The coordinator of the work was the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.Results. The obtained data allows talking about the negative impact of electronic devices on the lifestyle of students. A significant increase in the time of the use of gadgets (almost twice) and their number (2-4) when transferring the educational process to a remote format is proved. In general, the use of stationary and mobile electronic devices in more than 50% of respondents amounted to five hours or more. A decrease in the quality characteristics of the lifestyle of students in higher education during the transition to distant education has been established, while more than a third of them do not realize this. As risk factors, a decrease in motor activity, visual impairment, neuropsychic stress, poor nutrition, etc. In the absence of direct contact with university teachers, the opportunities for creating healthy lifestyle skills within the university are reduced and the importance of teachers as an authoritarian influence and a personal example for students is reduced.Conclusion. Informatization and the introduction of distance learning technologies in the higher education system require comprehensive studies of the advantages and disadvantages of such a learning format. The forced mass introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process has exposed many problems that have not yet been given sufficient attention and, in the future, they can become the basis for promising research in the field of educational hygiene. The results obtained suggest that modern students do not pay enough attention to their lifestyle in the period of the distant education.

The article presents the materials of systematization and scientific study of the main international and Russian normative documents in the field of healthcare and rights of children and adolescents aged 0-17, and of the practical implementation of an intersectoral/interdepartmental approach in relevant programs. A set of modern methods of socio-hygienic and medical-organizational research, including statistical, historical insights, expert evaluation, study of departments experience, and others was applied, with an emphasis on analysis. Based on the model of the younger generation, the authors consider the current problems of implementing an interdepartmental approach to healthcare and protection of the rights of children and adolescents, recommended in recent years by leading international organizations, primarily The United Nations (UN): and the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors analyze the leading Russian normative documents based on international policy and illustrates the state of the approach in the Russian Federation, which is considered to be the leading, most effective mechanism for achieving the goals of strategies and integrated programs in this area, with an emphasis on preventive measures and the organization of primary healthcare as the most accessible and affordable to the public. The results of a comprehensive analysis of federal and international official documents actualized the need for intersectoral activities in healthcare, education, social protection and other systems to strengthen the health promotion of the younger generation, which is considered to be the less protected group of population from the perspective of health and social well-being. The article shows the importance of further improvement of comprehensive research on the scientific justification of optimal, real and effective for the federal and territorial levels of organizational methods for interdepartmental healthcare of the younger generation in Russia.

ФГБУ ГНЦ РФ -Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А. И. Бурназяна ФМБА России, г. Москва; 2 ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Воронеж; 3 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва Цель: установление временных характеристик использования мобильных электронных устройств школьниками и студентами в учебной и досуговой деятельности и их влияния на состояние органа зрения. Методы: В 2017-2020 учебных годах (сентябрь -май) проведено однократное офтальмологическое обследование и анкетирование 805 школьников и студентов Москвы и Московский области: школьников начальных классов 150, школьников средних классов 130, школьников старших классов 200, студентов младших курсов 325. С помощью стандартизованного опросника получены данные о привычном режиме использования респондентами мобильных электронных устройств. Для оценки значимости различий между средними использовался непарный критерий Стьюдента. Для изучения корреляционных связей остроты зрения и фактора риска использовался непараметрический метод ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Результаты: Практически 100 % учащихся используют мобильные электронные устройства. Устройством «выбора» является смартфон, для которого характерна многофункциональность применения, а не только телефонные переговоры, как это было несколько лет назад. Ежедневное «суммарное» время использования мобильных электронных устройств школьниками средних и старших классов в учебное время, выходные дни и каникулярное время значимо превышает ежедневное «суммарное» время использования их школьниками младших классов; а студентами -школьников средних и старших классов соответственно. У учащихся, которые имели «свободный» от мобильного электронного устройства день, запас объема аккомодации был значимо выше (0,54 дптр), чем у тех, кто использовал его ежедневно (0,45 дптр; p  0,05). Выводы: гигиенические рекомендации по использованию мобильных электронных устройств студентами и школьниками должны включать организацию выходного дня в течение недели, в который бы смартфон не использовался.

In an experiment performed on white laboratory rats males with an initial age of 4 months, the dynamics of the mitotic activity of the epithelial cells of the jejunum mucosa crypts after 5, 7 and 10 months of exposure of an electromagnetic field impulses with a density of induced currents of 0.37; 0.7; 0.8; 2.7 kA/m2 and pulse frequency of 50, 100 and 500 per week regardless of their fractionality was considered. The purpose of the study of individual cellular responses is not only to identify the most sensitive components of the system, but also to determine the target organs in order to increase the effectiveness of protective measures for the environmental safety of humans from electromagnetic damage. Having analyzed the obtained data, it should be noted that in the conditions of application of electromagnetic field impulses influence in the studied parameters, sensitivity of undifferentiated epitheliocytes of crypts was found and the multidirectional effect which depended on frequency and density of the induced currents was observed, and their increase in the damage to the jejunum mucosa epithelium amplified due to decrease in mitotic activity, with increase in coefficient of affection in chronodynamics, for a number of parameters, experimentally confirming belonging of impulses of the electromagnetic field to bioeffective ecological factors.