BackgroundMitochondrial dysfunction may represent a pathogenic factor in Huntington disease (HD). Physical exercise leads to enhanced mitochondrial function in healthy participants. However, data on effects of physical exercise on HD skeletal muscle remains scarce. We aimed at investigating adaptations of the skeletal muscle mitochondria to endurance training in HD patients.MethodsThirteen HD patients and 11 healthy controls completed 26 weeks of endurance training. Before and after the training phase muscle biopsies were obtained from M. vastus lateralis. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, capillarization, and muscle fiber type distribution were determined from muscle samples.ResultsCitrate synthase activity increased during the training intervention in the whole cohort (P = 0.006). There was no group x time interaction for citrate synthase activity during the training intervention (P = 0.522). Complex III (P = 0.008), Complex V (P = 0.043), and succinate cytochrome c reductase (P = 0.008) activities increased in HD patients and controls by endurance training. An increase in mass-specific mitochondrial respiratory capacity was present in HD patients during the endurance training intervention. Overall capillary-to-fiber ratio increased in HD patients by 8.4% and in healthy controls by 6.4% during the endurance training intervention.ConclusionsSkeletal muscle mitochondria of HD patients are equally responsive to an endurance-training stimulus as in healthy controls. Endurance training is a safe and feasible option to enhance indices of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of HD patients and may represent a potential therapeutic approach to delay the onset and/or progression of muscular dysfunction.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01879267. Registered May 24, 2012.

Objective: to compare and identify differences in the psychopathological symptoms and domains of social cognition in groups of individuals suffering from schizophrenia with a high level of aggression with or without alcohol consumption.Materials and methods. In the period from 2014 to 2020, we performed a comparative, cross-section, one-stage, observational study with the formation of a sample by the method of directed selection at Gomel Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital. The following assessment methods were used: 1. Screening for alcohol use — ASSIST scale (Humeniuk R. et al. 2008), 2. Determination of the level of aggression — OAS scale (Yudofsky SC 1986), 3. Degree of severity of psychopathological symptoms — PANSS scale (S. Kay, L.Opler 1986), 4. Hostile attributive style of the AIHQ scale (Combs D. R. et al., 2007). 5. The research of emotional processing was performed using a computerized neuropsychological battery (PennCNP) to study the neuropsychological functioning of the Laboratory of Brain Problems of the University of Pennsylvania.Results and discussion: The group with a preclinical level of alcohol consumption revealed changes in emotional processing (″reduced facial memory″), a bias in the attributive style towards hostility, and changes in the psychopathological symptoms, such as an increase in ″emotional lability″ and ″decreased judgment and awareness of the disease″. In the group without alcohol consumption, an increase in ″false positive recognition of neutral emotions″ and an increase in the degree of manifestation of the symptom of ″delusion″ were revealed.Conclusion: Alcohol and aggression are in conjunction with the psychopathological symptom ″emotional lability″ (PANSS scale) and the domain of social cognition ″attributive style″ (″anger index″). In the group without alcohol consumption, aggression is related to the ″delusion″ symptom.

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Работа посвящена не достигающему критериев зависимого поведения потреблению алкоголя, влияющему на проявление негативных симптомов у лиц с шизофренией. Использованы психометрические инструменты оценки: шкала-скрининг ASSIST - для выявления употребления алкоголя и шкала PANSS - для формализованной оценки степени выраженности негативных симптомов. В исследовании приняли участие 123 пациента, проходивших стационарное лечение в Гомельской областной клинической психиатрической больнице с диагнозами «шизофрения» и «острые полиморфные психотические расстройства шизофренического спектра». В ходе исследования получены следующие данные: различный уровень выраженности потребления алкоголя (шкала ASSIST) находится в сопряженных отношениях с уровнем социальной дезадаптации, негативными симптомами. Группа с «низким риском» имела менее выраженные негативные симптомы за счет показателей: «уплощение аффекта», «эмоциональная отстраненность», «недостаточный раппорт», «стереотипность мышления». Группа с проблемным потреблением алкоголя в сравнении с контрольной группой не имела статистически значимых различий. This article is devoted to those who do not reach the criteria of the dependent behavior of alcoholconsumption for manifestation of negative symptoms in persons with schizophrenia. The followingpsychometric assessment tools were used: the ASSIST screening scale for detecting alcohol consumptionand the PANSS scale for formalized assessment of the severity of negative symptoms. The study involved123 patients undergoing inpatient treatment at the Gomel Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospitalwith diagnoses of schizophrenia and acute polymorphic psychotic disorders of the schizophrenicspectrum. The following data were obtained: different levels of alcohol consumption (ASSIST scale)are in connection with the level of social maladjustment, negative symptoms. The group with “lowrisk” had less pronounced negative symptoms due to the following indicators: “flattening of affect”,“emotional detachment”, “insufficient report”, “stereotyped thinking”. The group with problematic alcoholconsumption in comparison with the control group did not have statistically significant differences.