N-Arachidonoyl (AA) derivatives of amino acids (glycine, phenylalanine, proline, valine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), dihydroxyphenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and alanine) and peptides (Semax, MEHFPGP, and PGP) were synthesized in order to study the biological properties of acylamino acids. The mass spectra of all the compounds at atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization display the most intense peaks of protonated molecular ions; the detection limits for these compounds are 10 fmol per sample. AA-Gly showed the highest inhibitory activity toward fatty acid amide hydrolase from rat brain (IC50 6.5 microM) among all the acylamino acids studied. AA-Phe, AA-Tyr, and AA-GABA exhibited a weak but detectable inhibitory effect (IC50 55, 60, and 50 microM, respectively). The acylated amino acids themselves, except for AA-Gly, were stable to the hydrolysis by this enzyme. All the arachidonoylamino acids inhibited cabbage phospholipase D to various degrees; AA-GABA and AA-Phe proved to be the most active (IC50 20 and 27 microM, respectively). Attempts to detect the biosynthesis of AA-Tyr in homogenates of rat liver and nerve tissue showed no formation in vitro of either this acylamino acid or AA-dopamine and AA-Phe, the products of its metabolism. The highest contents of these metabolites were detected in liver homogenate and in the brain homogenate, respectively. Acylamino acids exert no cytotoxic effect toward the glioma C6 cells. It was shown that N-acylation of Semax with arachidonic acid results in enhancement of its hydrolytic stability and increases its affinity for the sites of specific binding in rat cerebellum membranes. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2006, vol. 32, no. 3; see also http://www.maik.ru.
Проведено сравнительное изучение влияния дофамина, синтетических докозагексаеноилдофамина (DHA-DA) и конъюгата ГАМК с докозагексаеноилдофамином (OXL1220) на кровообращение интактного и ишемизированного мозга. Выявлены различия в цереброваскулярных и противоишемических эффектах исследованных соединений. Дофамин и DHA-DA усиливают кровоснабжение интактного и ишемизированного мозга, которое сопровождается выраженной гипертензивной реакцией. Последний при этом проявляет свойства ингибитора дофаминового транспортёра с IC50 = 29 мкМ, но практически неактивен как лиганд дофаминовых рецепторов. OXL1220 оказывает избирательное сосудорасширяющее действие на кровоснабжение мозга, подвергнутого глобальной преходящей ишемии. Причём лишь OXL1220 конкурирует за места специфического связывания [3H]-габазина на ГАМКА-рецепторах коры мозга крыс in vitro. Следовательно, включение в структуру DHA-DA нейромедиатора — ГАМК — изменяет дофаминергический характер активности вещества на ГАМК-ергический в отношении тонуса сосудов ишемизированного мозга.
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