In the electroplasma version of the electrolysis of water and aqueous solutions of salts, synthesis of a fairly wide range of chemical elements is observed. In the original installation, the erosion of the electrodes is not significant and the main contribution to the formation of chemical elements precipitated as a solid powder is their synthesis from the substances in the solution. On the contrary, in the simplified installation proposed for demonstrating the synthesis of elements, the erosion of the electrodes is significant. Therefore, it is considered that only elements (from the solid sediment) that are not included in the composition of electrodes are synthesized. Тo build up the experimental database, systematize and analyze them, we collected a simplified experimental set-up that allows for pulsed electrical discharges in water and aqueous salt solutions using an oscillatory circuit tuned to resonance with a supply voltage (220 V, 50 Hz). Aqueous solution of NaCl with a concentration of 0.1 g / l was used in this experiment. Brass was used as the material of the hollow tubular electrodes. The starting potential difference was 560 V. The gap between the electrodes was 0.7 mm. The electrodes were arranged vertically. Between the upper and lower vessels, the water moved by itself. Each series of discharges was accompanied by the appearance of a portion of a liquid of dark (black) color with subsequent precipitation. The analysis of the sediment showed that along with the products of simple erosion of the electrodes (Cu and Zn), there are synthesized elements (Mg, Si, S, Al, Fe and several others), which confirms the known data. In addition, spherical particles (with diameters of up to 1 μm) have been identified as the main component of which is Fe. The appearance of such particles most likely indicates the possibility of extracting the material from the region of local melting of the electrodes accompanied by copper and zinc transmutations. A discussion of the mechanism of transmutation shows that a significant difference in the isotopic composition of iron from the natural one can be expected.

The effect of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses on the bismuth-lead melt allowed us to establish an increase in the proportion of lead due to the transformation of Bi → Pb. An electronic capture was assumed as a probable transition mechanism. The presence of isotopes Bi210m, Bi208, Bi207 in the initial samples was assumed too. However, the capture of an electron is characteristic only for Bi208, Bi207. Natural bismuth is represented by the isotope Bi209. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the transformations of this isotope. It is assumed that the leading role in the transformation is played by the vapor phase. It is shown that in the presence of water vapor, an increase in the melt mass Δm > 0 is possible both due to the interaction of Bi209 nuclei with "quasineutrons" (including "neutroids" of Santilli and "hydrino" of Mills) as well as with "pseudoprotons" and "protoids" (the last two terms refer to the bound states of a proton with two electrons). The sizes of the bound states are substantially smaller than the Bohr radius R B . The increment of the lead fraction occurs due to the isotope Pb210. On the contrary, the intensification of α-decays under conditions of electromagnetic pulsed exposure should be accompanied by an increase in the fraction of lead due to the Pb206 isotope and a decrease in the mass of the melt. Under the conditions of isolation of the melt from water vapor, the melt mass loss Δm < 0 can be expected due to α-radiation from the Bi209 nuclei with subsequent volatilization of helium and accumulation of the isotope Tl205. The decay of nuclei occurs due to the intensification of the tunnel effect. In this case, one should not expect an increase in the share of lead due to the Pb207 isotope. It is important that the assessment of Δm ~ 0.1 g for real experiments indicates the possibility of its reliable measurement. In conclusion, the research perspectives are briefly discussed.

The dynamic theory of martensitic transformation explains the phenomenon of initiation of the fine structure of transformation twins as a result of the coordinated action of relatively long-wave displacements (ℓ-waves) with more shortwave displacements (s-waves). Being a part of a controlling wave process, ℓ-waves provide habit formation, whereas s-waves play the leading part in initiation of the main component of twin structure (TS). It was shown that the dynamic theory allows one to consider the degenerate TS (DTS) formation as a particular case of TS when the twin component volume is converted to zero. In this work the case of DTS is discussed by the example of crystals with habits {110}. The peculiarity of this variant consists in the fact that in order to describe the morphology of transformation it is enough to only consider longitudinal waves running along axes <100> as a part of the controlling wave process. In particular, habit (101) may be matched with a pair of ℓ-waves with velocities along [100] and [001] and a pair of s-waves with velocities along [100] and [010]. At the same time, condition d s = λ s / 4, where λ s is the wavelength of s-waves, and d s is a transversal (in directions [100] and [010]) size of the initial exited (oscillatory) s-ℓ-cell with longitudinal size d s << d ℓ < λ ℓ / 2, conforms to DTS formation. For martensite transformations fcc-bct, bcc-fct, fccfct, the transition to finishing deformations and the connection of the values of tetragonality of martensite and volume effect with one of characteristic main values of deformation tensor are discussed.

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