Рассматривается диалог культур в трактовке западноевропейских мыслителей XVIII-XIX вв. Показано, что изучение истории взаимоотношений различных, в своем основании и формах, культур прошло три содержательных этапа: первый - начало «разговора» о взаимоотношении культур и постановка понятий «Запад» и «Восток» (просветители); второй - смещение вопроса о дуальности «Запад - Восток» на уровень дилеммы философии истории и всемирной истории (представители немецкой классической философии); третий - применение новой, многофакторной методологии (позитивисты). Сделан вывод о том, что русский историк и представитель позитивистской философии истории Н.И. Кареев дал конструктивно-критическую оценку воззрениям западноевропейских мыслителей на проблему взаимоотношений разных культур и творчески использовал их идеи в построении своей философии истории. The article deals with the dialogue of cultures in the interpretation of Western European thinkers of the XVIII-XIX centuries. It is shown that the study of the history of relations between cultures, which differ in their basis and forms, has passed three meaningful stages. The first stage is the beginning of a «conversation» about the relationship of cultures and the formulation of the concepts of «West» and «East» (enlighteners). The second stage is characterized by a shift of the question of the duality of «West-East» to the level of the dilemma of the philosophy of history and world history (representatives of German classical philosophy). The third stage is the application of a new, multi-factor methodology (positivists). It is concluded that the Russian historian and representative of the positivist philosophy of history N.I. Kareev gave a constructive and critical assessment of the views of Western European thinkers on the problem of relations between different cultures and creatively used their ideas in building his philosophy of history.
Проанализированы воззрения Н.И. Кареева на проблему взаимовлияния культур сквозь призму философии славянофилов. На примере трех представителей славянофильства отмечена динамика идеи противопоставления российской и западной культур. Первая стадия - критика культурного заимствования, но без прямого дистанцирования от ценностей Запада (А.С. Хомяков); вторая - противопоставление исторических истоков обеих культур (К.С. Аксаков); третья - признание полного отчуждения России от Запада (В.И. Ламанский). Выявлено, что, по мнению Кареева, историко-культурный скептицизм славянофилов помог поставить вопрос о ценности любого типа культуры, не только в дихотомии «Россия - Европа», но и «Восток - Запад». The views of N.I. Kareev on the problem of mutual influence of cultures through the prism of the philosophy of Slavophiles are analyzed. Using the example of three representatives of Slavophilism, the dynamics of the idea of contrasting Russian and Western culture is studied. The following stages of this process are revealed: the first stage is the criticism of cultural borrowing, but without direct distancing from the values of the West (A.S. Khomyakov); the second is the juxtaposition of the historical origins of both cultures (K.S. Aksakov); the third is the recognition of Russia's complete alienation from the West (V.I. Lamansky). It is revealed that, according to Kareev, the historical and cultural skepticism of the Slavophiles helped to raise the question of the value of any type of culture, not only in the dichotomy «Russia - Europe», but also «East - West».
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