В статье анализируется процесс формирования циркулярной экономики и отвечающих ей замкнутых цепей поставок в рамках поэтапного перехода к современному варианту устойчи-вого социально-экономического развития. Раскрывается роль циркулярной экономики в ре-сурсосбережении, минимизации отходов и сокращении давления на окружающую среду при одновременном достижении значимых экономических и социальных результатов. Объектом специального внимания являются барьеры на пути развития циркулярной экономики в РФ, а также существующие в этой области возможности для обоснования стратегии перехода от доминирующей сегодня линейной модели экономики к циркулярной. Проводимое в статье исследование различных бизнес-моделей циркулярной экономики способствует пониманию той роли, которую может играть каждая отдельная компания в трансформации линейной экономики в более устойчивую циркулярную модель. В данном контексте идентифицируются перспективы применения циркулярных бизнес-моделей в ряде секторов российской экономи-ки и возможности их внедрения в практическую деятельность компаний. Библиогр. 34 назв. Ил. 1. Табл. 4.Ключевые слова: циркулярная экономика, замкнутые цепи поставок, управление отходами, рециклирование, ремануфактуринг, циркулярные бизнес-модели, индекс развития циркуляр-ной экономики, институциональные барьеры.Надежда Викторовна ПАХОМОВА -доктор экономических наук, профессор, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9; n.pahomova@spbu.ru Кнут Курт РИХТЕР -доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой эконо-мики предприятия и предпринимательства, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9; k.rihter@spbu.ru Мария Александровна ВЕТРОВА -аспирант, Санкт-Петербургский государственный уни-верситет, 199034, Российская Федерация, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9; st020342@ student.spbu.ru Nadezda V. PAKHOMOVA -Doctor of Economics, Professor, St Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; n.pahomova@spbu
Environmental and social impact of the world economy is increasingly attracting public attention around the globe. The society expects from the businesses a responsible action towards depletion of scarce natural resources, environmental pollution, and people-so as to achieve sustainable development goals. An essential element of today's economy, supply chains represent networks of companies that create and deliver products and services to the ultimate customers. The present paper classifies scholarly research in sustainable supply chain management in terms of its main paradigms, and further reviews research work centred around the circular economy paradigm-designated commonly as closed-loop supply chain management. We offer a literature review that updates the taxonomy of this research area originally proposed by Atasu et al. in 2008. To this end, we describe analytical modelling and decision-support approaches adopted in the literature, as well as main insights offered by these. In particular, we focus on the studies that have an integrated perspective at closed-loop supply chain management by addressing supply-chain design and coordination problems and taking into account operational-level aspects. We further classify the work within the design and coordination research stream, identify connections emerged between different streams of literature over time, and suggest directions for future work.
is paper analyzes the potential of organic agriculture to meet e ectively the increasing demand for high-quality food, to increase its export potential, and to solve the country's import substitution problems. e article also reveals the importance of digital economy technologies for increasing the sustainability of organic production. Among the most signi cant are cloud computing and large databases that contribute to the development of precision farming, continuous online monitoring of the quality of various stages in technological chains, automation and robotization, etc. Following recommendations of the "Organic Agriculture 3.0" conception, the authors examine the appropriate environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors to elaborate complex development strategies for agriculture in Russia and its regions. A special environmental index is proposed to determine environmentally friendly regions that are mostly suitable for organic production. e authors discuss an economic indicator to assess the potential of unused agricultural land for organic farming. e proportion of unemployed working-age population in rural areas serves as a social indicator for the study. By analyzing these selected indicators, four groups of Russian regions with di erent conditions for developing organic agriculture are identi ed. With respect to varying potentials of the regions and the external institutional context, the authors qualify di erent regional competitive strategies and corresponding product niches. e study also provides guidelines for Russian agrarian and environmental policy to support e ective development of organic production.
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