Improving the effectiveness of treatment of urolithiasis is a topical issue in modern urology. Despite a large number of studies on this problem, there is currently no unified algorithm for assessing postoperative complications of removal of calculi of the renal cavity system by transurethral access. Purpose of the study: based on a retrospective analysis to adapt the classification of postoperative complications according to Clavien Dind from 2004 to describe the complications of transurethral contact pyelocalicolithotripsy. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 211 patients with kidney stones with a density of 960 HU to 1840 HU was performed. Ultrasonic energy was used for lithotripsy. Criteria for the normal course of the postoperative period in patients have been formulated. Results. The number of postoperative complications was calculated. The obtained data are distributed according to the corresponding gradations of the adapted Clavien Dindо classification. Conclusion. The improved Clavien Dindo classification, taking into account the adaptation, can be used as an up-to-date, accessible and logical template for assessing the postoperative complications of transurethral contact pyelocalicolithotripsy.
Статья посвящена проблеме мочекаменной болезни. Приводятся результаты исследования 107 мужчин в возрасте от 48 до 76 лет, разделенных на три группы: основную и две контрольные. Основная и 1-я контрольная группы включали по 40 пациентов с рецидивным уролитиазом без обструкции мочевых путей после эндоскопических методов удаления камней и частичным возрастным андрогенным дефицитом. Вторую контрольную группу составили 27 здоровых мужчин в возрасте от 48 до 70 лет. В течение 1 года произведено эндоскопическое удаление мочевых камней: трансуретральная нефролитотрипсия-55 пациентам, а перкутанная нефролитотрипсия-25. После выписки из стационара всем пациентам провели диагностику и коррекцию метаболических нарушений с использованием физико-химических и биохимических камнеобразующих показателей мочи и крови. Для изучения минерального состава и структурно-текстурных особенностей мочевых камней и их фрагментов после оперативных вмешательств выполняли рентгеновскую дифрактометрию, инфракрасную спектроскопию, поляризационную и электронную микроскопию. Проводилась противорецидивная терапия уролитиаза: пациенты основной группы получали патогенетическую андрогенную терапию в виде монотерапии, а пациенты 1-й контрольной группы-традиционное лечение (антибиотики, спазмолитики, фитопрепараты). Результаты терапии и диспансерного наблюдения в течение 6 лет показали низкую частоту рецидива камнеобразования в основной группе и высокую-в 1-й контрольной. Возрастное снижение уровня андрогенов у мужчин может быть дополнительным фактором камнеобразования. Патогенетическая заместительная терапия андрогенами приводит к нормализации содержания литогенных веществ в крови и моче, а также физико-химических свойств мочи, тем самым способствует уменьшению интенсивности процесса камнеобразования.
Transurethral contact lithotripsy is a promising treatment method and occupies an important place among endoscopic methods for removing kidney stones. The aim of the study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of transurethral contact pyelocalycolithotripsy in patients with kidney stones based on retrospective analysis. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 178 clinical cases of treating patients aged from 19 to 71 years who suffered from kidney stones and underwent transurethral contact pyelocalycolithotripsy was performed. All patients were diagnosed with calculi of the pyelocaliceal system with the diameter ranging from 10 to 20 mm according to multispiral CT data. Renal calculi had different composition and their density varied from 460 HU to 1440 HU. Pneumatic and laser energy was used for lithotripsy in 102 (57.3%) and 76 (42.7%) patients respectively. Results. The obtained data show that complete destruction of the stones and the removal of fragments within 2 weeks after transurethral contact pyelocalycolithotripsy was noted in 143 (80.3%) patients. In 140 (78.7%) cases positive results were achieved in one surgical intervention and in 38 (21.3%) patients after two procedures. Complications of this treatment method were relatively rare and included intraoperative bleeding, pelvic perforation, acute pyelonephritis, stent migration, postoperative bleeding, and residual stones. Conclusion. Transurethral contact pyelocalycolithotripsy is a promising method due to the fact that in most cases it allows you to simultaneously rid a patient of kidney stones with minimal complications
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