This work is devoted to the importance of the visual turn in the modern society, and to the fact, that the visual turn has drawn attention to the variety of existing scopic regimes and to the system of factors changing them. It deals with the nature of a contemporary dominant scopic regime in our society and gives the definition of scopic regime or, as it is also called, the regime of seeing. In order to get a broad picture on this issue, we are going to create the typology for analyses of scopic regime, where three main groups of approaches can be distinguished: phenomenological, psychoanalytical, post-structuralist and synthetic. The second part of the research will be focused primarily on the vision practice of the twenties of XX century. The implicit aim of the work is to create some kind of typology of scopic regimes, existing in the Soviet and the post-Soviet space, and to define the origins of these regimes. The highlight of the research is to reconstruct the local context of the visual experience description and the scopic regime at the modern age. In order to identify the basis for any scopic regime, the work makes several conceptual assumptions underlying the basic conclusions on this issue.

The article investigates the concept of a smart city mainly focused around people. At the same time, a “smart city” is understood to be an innovative city which implements a set of technical solutions and organizational measures aimed at achieving the highest possible quality of human life, an adequate resource management and service delivery system, in order to create sustainable favorable living conditions, as well as the prosperity and business activity of current and future generations. The general and specific (for Russia) factors that determined the transition from “smart cities” to “human-centered smart cities” are highlighted. Human-centered smart cities are cities in which governments attract citizens by being open to partnership with citizens, supporting the collaborative design of technical and social innovation processes through mutual relationships based on mutual trust and cooperation. A system of expert assessments is analyzed, which indicates the possibilities for transitioning to the digitalization of the economy and the city, the possibilities for developing breakthrough information and social technologies that would ensure movement towards Human Smart cites.

No abstract

Abstract. The paper deals with the way and the form of modern humanitaristics understanding of the problem of visual representation of "the Other". The authors' tasks were to comprehend the nature and dynamics of visualization, to give a distinct working definition of visual competence. Besides, the purpose of the paper was to state the components of visual competence, its criteria, estimation methods and in this context to interpret the image of "the Other" decoded in scientific philosophic and cultural literature and in daily cultural practices. And the final task was to reduce the visual message to the verbal one. The doctrine that the image may be read is the common prejudice, which prevents the formation of a new approach to visuality. The first step towards the solution of problem is to describe the techniques, which help in potential understanding of the visual structure. Understanding the image diversity and its possible text analogues should help in establishing the specific requirements, which can be and must be applicable to visual representation of "the Other". Representations in the visual culture (photography, cinematography, media, painting, advertisement) influence the social image, affects the daily social practices and communications. Visual representations are of interest for social theorists as well as cultural texts, as they give an idea on the context of cultural production, social interaction and individual experience.

The design of continuing professional education programs is one of the general trends in modern higher education. It concerns too the education in tourism that aims to provide the tourism industry with good-qualified professionals. The authors define the key principles of CPE: student-focused learning strategies, ability to team work, links between basic and different courses, cross discipline approach, activation of previous knowledge, achievement of understanding borders, ability to formulate problem questions, independent information research, interaction. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is regarded as the main approach in CPE. This approach to the organization of educational process suggests finding solutions to practical lifelike problems that stimulates students to study the theoretical information. The integrative-modular and competence-based approaches are used to complete the tasks in the continuing professional education. Modules are complete units of knowledge and skills, and include all the necessary educational components. The training material within a module is organized as a structural and organizational unit. The authors define the basic integrative terms of a modular program such as “project-based”, “innovative”, “student-centered”. This approach is used to provide the interaction between theoretical and action-oriented training in tourism, the integrity and the continuity of the educational process