Introduction. In the emerging digital economy, microelectronics is a driver of civilizational progress, ensuring technological sovereignty, and determines the level of development of modern society. Its elemental base is continuously developing and improving in the direction of microminiaturization of electronic components and complex miniaturization of equipment. In this regard, the purpose of the study was a hygienic assessment of operational conditions and the functional state of the visual analyzer in employees working in the modern production of microchips and semiconductor devices.Material and methods. At the workplaces of the radio components collectors there were measured sound levels, artificial lighting, and microclimate parameters; air pollution by chemicals; the hardness and intensity of work are estimated based on timing observations. The functional state of the organ of vision was studied once and in the dynamics of the working day. The operation of the accommodation apparatus, as well as the state of the receptor link on the thresholds of color perception, were studied.Results. Levels of chemical and physical factors of the operational environment during assembly, sealing, and labeling operations were revealed not to be over normalized values. According to the results of timing observations, the time of use of optical instruments is from 55 to 75% of the shift, which characterizes the work process as stressful as grade 3 (harmful) 1st and 2nd degree, according to the duration of being in a fixed sitting position for more than 50% of the time, the severity of labor is estimated as grade 3 1st degree. The obtained data indicate a decrease in the volume of accommodation of the eye and an increase in color discrimination thresholds in the dynamics of the working day.Discussion. In shaping the operational conditions of workers who assemble and control products, the decisive role belongs to the hardness and intensity of the labor process, in particular, to the long-term restriction of motor activity in a fixed sitting position and the visual load associated with performing precision work using optical instruments. A change in the function of vision, characterized by a violation of the accommodative ability of the eye, a decrease in color perception, indicates the development of visual fatigue in collectors.Conclusion. Despite the modernization of production equipment, a significant proportion of labor operations for the assembly of products are carried out manually. Given the impossibility of ensuring complete automation of technological processes at the enterprises, preventive measures should be aimed at organizing a rational mode of operation that provides relief of vision.

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of the existing Russian and foreign literature on the issue of domestic and international regulation of laser safety for the population. Purpose. Search for information and analysis of domestic and international experience in the field of regulation of laser radiation levels for the population. The review of available scientific Russian and foreign literary sources and regulatory documents is carried out. The search and selection of sources was carried out using the open databases PubMed and RSCI. The domestic hygienic standards for continuous laser radiation in the spectral range of 380-1400 nm are much more stringent than the standards applied abroad given in IEC-1. At the same time, when developing standards for maximum permissible levels, the possibility of radiation acting on the population and the blinding effect were not taken into account. Foreign and domestic authors note the peculiarities of the effect of laser radiation in the visible region of the spectrum, including its ability to pass freely through the optical media of the eye and damage the retina and adjacent tissues. The analysis of regulatory documents showed a number of differences in the normalization of Russian and international standards, as well as the discrepancy and vagueness of requirements in existing sanitary and epidemiological documents. Conclusion. Existing standards sometimes contradict each other, which prevents a competent assessment of the danger of the laser and the laser system, so the revision of the existing regulatory framework for laser safety for the public is an urgent task, the solution of which will minimize negative changes on the part of the visual organ in persons who are not professionally connected with the action of laser radiation and qualitatively improve the hygienic assessment of laser radiation.