The article focuses on the main trends in the development of modern Russian education. The authors reveal some of its sore points, show the possibilities to overcome them. Some positive examples of the leading universities of the country confirm the high importance of modern University centers of learning, science and culture in the formation of a competence-oriented national educational cluster of innovative type. The authors come to a conclusion that Russian universities, taking into account the existing motivation and the targeted state support provided for them, are able to become quite competitive, to join the ranks of the world top universities, to be attractive not only for Russian but also foreign students. The authors make the case for the the competitiveness growth of the leading universities, argue that the increase of their competitive advantages can become one of the drivers of the development of Russian higher education and the country’s economy as a whole.

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The article, against the background of consideration of the traditional unity of the four moments of the classical theory of social reproduction, outlines the specificity of the conditions of its functioning in the new realities, which predetermines the relevance of the publication. The necessity of taking into account the mega-economic, macroeconomic and foreign policy environment, as well as the internal socio-political stability of civil society and the possibility of implementing the constructive potential of the system of relations of social structure of production is emphasized. The imperatives of the reproductive approach to ensuring the sustainability of national economic development from the position of taking into account the state of reproductive and ecological functionality of its natural ecosystem and the management of this process are disclosed. It emphasizes the importance of the functional role of natural ecosystems in the provision of ecosystem services for the formation of favorable conditions of human life – the subject and object of social development. The purpose of the article is the author's statement of imperatives of providing conditions of sustainable-dynamic mode of reproduction and organic system-supplementary interaction (combination, functional compliance and parametric adequacy) of all moments (elements) of the reproduction process. The subject of the research is the ecological and economic imperatives that ensure a reproductive-sustainable mode of functioning of natural ecosystems. The main results of the study consist in substantiating the necessity of including the costs of restoring the reproductive potential of the natural environment as a producer of ecosystem services provided by nature to man in the balance of the cost of sustainable mode of reproduction according to the procedure of evaluating the unit of environmental benefits similar to the cost of the corresponding unit of natural resources. This would allow an objective and complete assessment of the volume of national wealth in monetary terms. The scope of the obtained results is determined by the possibilities of ensuring the sustainability of natural ecosystems in Russia, taking into account global technological trends to overcome the existing challenges and solve the complex socio-economic problems facing the country.

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