Our objective was to study indicators and structure of primary disability due to malignant neoplasms among persons of retirement age in 2012–2018 and to determine the patterns of its formation. Material and methods: The continuous research was based on data of the Unified Automated Vertically Integrated Information and Analytical System for Medical and Social Expert Evaluation for 2012–2018, “7-Sobes” statistical reports, and statistical compilations of the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expert Evaluation of the Russian Ministry of Labor. The methods applied included data copying, descriptive statistics, analytical and comparative analysis, calculation of the mean error and statistical significance. Results: The study of primary disability rates due to malignant neoplasms among people of retirement age in Moscow in 2012–2018 showed that the number of people first recognized as disabled increased up to 13,827 people (+77.8%). This finding could be related to the increase in the number of people of retirement age by 21.2% in Moscow during the period under review. As for the severity of disability, then people with grade II disability prevailed but their specific weight and the rate of primary disability tended to decrease. At the same time, we observed an increase in the specific weight of disabled people of Grade III. The five-year survival rate of cancer patients increased by 30% from 51% to 65.4% in 2011–2018, and so did the proportion of cases detected in early stages. Conclusions: Disability caused by malignant neoplasms among the elderly in Moscow in 2012–2018 was characterized by an increase in the number of people first recognized as disabled from 7,782 to 13,827 people (+77.8%) and an increase in their specific weight from 59.4% to 61.3% (60.6% on the average) in the structure of those first recognized as disabled from these causes. An increase in the rate of primary disability from 27.7 ± 0.5 to 40.6 ± 1.3, averaging 30.2 ± 0.5, was also observed but it remained lower than that in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole.

Introduction: Disability resulting from diseases of the respiratory system is a complex problem for the health care and social security systems. The prevalence of chronic lung diseases keeps growing. Our objective was to analyze the rates of initial and recurrent respiratory disability in the adult population of the Rostov Region in 2014–2018 and to compare them with those registered in the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation. Material and methods: We used information about initial and recurrent respiratory disability in adults from the electronic database of the unified information and analytical system of medical and social expertise of the Rostov Region and digests of the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expert Examination of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation for 2014–2018. We applied methods of data copying, descriptive statistics (estimation of extensive and intensive indicators, significance tests (p)), analytical and comparative analysis. Results: The analysis of adult respiratory disability in the Rostov Region in 2014–2018 showed a decrease in the number of adults with initial and recurrent disability. The proportion of initial cases tended to decrease and was similar to the Russian average rate but exceeded that in the Southern Federal District while the proportion of recurrent disability cases increased. The rates of initial respiratory disability in the adult population of the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation were comparable. The regional proportion of young people with respiratory disability was 42.2 % in contrast to the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation where elderly cases prevailed (42.0 % and 48.7 %, respectively). In terms of severity of disability, grade II disability cases prevailed (50.4 %) in the Rostov Region as opposed to the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation with higher proportions of persons with disability grade III (62.3 % and 72.0 %, respectively). The recurrent disability rate showed a rising trend and was higher than the intensive indicator in the Southern Federal District but lower than that in the Russian Federation. The majority of regional cases with recurrent respiratory disability were young and middle-aged (40.5 % and 40.2 %, respectively); the proportion of young cases tended to increase while that of the middle-aged showed a downward trend. In the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation, most recurrent cases were middle-aged or elderly (37.8 % and 35.3 %) and elderly or middle-aged (39.0 % and 35.1 %), respectively. The rate of recurrent respiratory disability among young people in the Rostov Region was twice as high as in the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation. In terms of severity of recurrent respiratory disability, grade III disability was most prevalent in all territories but in the Rostov Region its proportion was lower than in the areas of comparison. The proportion of people with grade II disability tended to decrease but was still higher than in the Southern Federal District and the Russian Federation. Conclusions: Our findings will allow a more accurate assessment of severity of impairments and vital activity limitations in adults with respiratory disability and help plan appropriate age and sex-specific rehabilitation measures contributing to effective rehabilitation and habilitation actions and successful social integration of a disabled person.

The article presents an analysis of the formation of general disability among persons older than working age due to diseases of the nervous system in Moscow. Introduction. Disability among the population – one of the most important medical and social problems – is an integral indicator. The purpose of the study is to study the patterns of the formation of general disability. Materials and methods. The study is solid for 2012–2018, using statistical forms of observation: form 7-sobes, statistical collections of THE Federal Security Service of the Russian Ministry of Labour. Research methods – excavation of information, descriptive statistics (absolute, extensive, intense indicators, series of dynamics, reliability assessment (average error). The results of the study. There has been an increase in the overall number of disabled people with a more pronounced growth rate in Moscow compared to the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation. The structure of general disability due to diseases of the nervous system was dominated by re-recognized persons with disabilities, but their share is lower than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation. The structure was dominated by disabled people in the third group with a tendency to increase their specific weight and disability, and there was a decrease in the proportion of disabled people in the I–II group and their levels. Conclusions. The total number of disabled persons among persons of older working age due to diseases of the nervous system in the dynamics of 2012–2018 has steadily increased, the growth rate was 18.6%, which is significantly higher than in the Central Federal District (4.1%) and the Russian Federation (8.2%). The structure was dominated by persons re-recognized as disabled, their share in the dynamics tended to increase, but the figure was lower than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation. The general population of persons with disabilities remained at 6,5 ± 0.11 cases per 10,000 of population of the appropriate age. The structure of general disability in severity was dominated by group III persons with disabilities, with a tendency to increase their specific weight and disability level. The proportion of persons with group I–II disabilities and their level tended to decrease