Aim of the study: analysis of modern medical literature on risk factors for the pathological condition of the fetus in women who had COVID-19 during pregnancy. The authors analyzed the scientific medical literature on the study of the impact of COVID-19 infection on the course and complications of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus. The characteristics of the possible risks of a number of adverse consequences for the mother and child due to the postponed COVID-19 disease are given. In Ukraine, studies of genetic and demographic processes, which were carried out in recent years, have shown that the demographic crisis that is observed in the country is socially determined, significantly deepening due to reproductive losses, which is manifested in an increase in the frequency of lost pregnancies and the birth of inferior offspring in women with pathology of the reproductive system. The low level of reproductive health is largely due to the high level of perinatal losses. In Ukraine, the rate of perinatal and child mortality exceeds the data of European countries. Under these conditions, reducing perinatal mortality, preserving the life and health of newborns is a necessary condition for the demographic development of Ukraine and a factor of national security. COVID-19, a disease caused by Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly around the world. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization has designated the outbreak as a pandemic. Because pregnant women are at greater risk of complications and severe disease, they have been identified as “vulnerable groups”. Changes in the mother's immune system during pregnancy can influence the response to infections, particularly viruses. Pregnant women with COVID-19 may have risk factors for thrombosis, and the adaptation of the mother's vessels during pregnancy is critical for certain periods of pregnancy. The role of the placenta in COVID-19 infection is currently not well-researched. A number of potential mechanisms may be involved in the vertical transmission of viruses from the mother to the trophoblast. Scientists are conducting research on the likelihood of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in utero or during childbirth. The unintended consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic threaten the health of pregnant women. It is likely that the consequences of COVID-19 will be evident in the future for a number of years. Epidemiological information is critical for identifying differential responses of the population and analyzing data on the impact of COVID-19 in socio-economic and ethnic groups. In summary, it will be important to evaluate population-level data from these results to determine trends associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of a severe course of the coronavirus infection, including severe acute respiratory syndrome. They were identified as vulnerable groups with recommendations to take additional precautions since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to investigate the frequency and structure of risk factors for perinatal complications in women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. Materials and methods. Analysis of clinical epidemiological and medical statistical data of the primary medical documentation (390 medical records) was carried out. The findings of 190 women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy (main group) were studied. We compared parameters of the test group with respective parameters of 200 women of the control group who did not contract COVID-19 during pregnancy. Age parameters, social status, somatic, reproductive and anamnesis data were investigated. Statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out using the package of application programs "Statistica 7.0" using the Excel 2013 standard package of statistical analysis. Credibility between different groups was examined based on the Pearson χ² test. Differences were considered plausible at a significance level of p<0.05. Results. The findings from the primary medical records of 190 women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy in 2021 were analyzed. The study has demonstrated that these women were significantly more often older than 36 years of age compared to the control group, they were significantly more likely to have complicated reproductive anamnesis: 28.4% vs. 10.5%, mainly based on all the parameters studied: spontaneous miscarriages, infertility and stillbirth (р<0.05). Somatic anamnesis in women of the main group was significantly more often burdened: 70.0% vs. 35.5%, p<0.05), due to the significant prevalence of endocrine pathology (14.2% vs. 5.0% in the control group), the cardiovascular disorders (10.0% vs. 4.0%, respectively), the urinary disorders (8.4% vs. 3.0%), and diseases of the respiratory system (18.0% vs. 1.5%) in women of the control group (р<0.05). Conclusion. The results obtained have shown that the risk factors for possible perinatal complications in women who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy the most likely include the age over 36 years (13.5%), complicated reproductive anamnesis (28.4%), and the presence of somatic diseases (70.0%). Women who have contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy are at risk for obstetric complications.

Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv. Ukraine. Objective: to analyze data on somatic, reproductive, gynaecological history, pregnancy course and outcomes in women with a history of infertility residing in the Lviv region. Material and methods. The data and results of medical genetic counselling of 170 women aged 18-42 with a history of infertility (main group) were analyzed. The comparison was carried out with similar parameters of 80 healthy women aged 18-42 years in the control group. The data of somatic, reproductive, gynecological anamnesis, the pregnancy course and outcomes were studied. Statistical processing of the findings obtained was carried out by the Statistica 7.0 software package using the standard Excel 2013 statistical analysis package. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results. The analysis of the data of the results of medical genetic counselling of 170 women with a history of infertility for 2019-2021 was carried out. The patients with a history of infertility were significantly more likely to be over 36 years of age compared to the same indicators in the control group. They had a complicated somatic anamnesis, 80.0% versus 20.0% in the control group, with a significant predominance of cardiovascular pathology (21.8% and 11.2%), and they also more often had reproductive history complications, 51 (30.0%) versus 11 (13.7%), mainly due to spontaneous miscarriages and missed pregnancies: 46 (27.0%) and 11 (13.7%), respectively. The gynaecological history in all these patients was complicated by infertility, and only infertility was in 113 (66.5%); infertility in combination with ovarian apoplexy was found in 17 (10.0%) and with ectopic pregnancy in 15 (8.8%) that was significantly higher in relation to respective data in the control group of women: 2 (2.6%) and 1 (1.3%), respectively. In women with a history of infertility, a high incidence of pregnancy complications was noted: 146 (85.9%) versus 39 (48.75%) in the control group: they more often gave birth for the first time: 110 (64.7%), and 35 (43.7%) in the control group. Analysis of the data obtained showed the presence of a large number of maternal risk factors for obstetric complications in this group of women. Conclusion. The study has demonstrated the risk factors for the occurrence of obstetric pathology in women with a history of infertility include presumably older age (over 36 years) (13.5%), a complicated reproductive history (30.0%) mainly due to spontaneous miscarriages and missed pregnancies (27.0%); complicated somatic history (80.0%) with a significant predominance of the pathology of the cardiovascular system (21.8%). A gynaecological history aggravated by infertility was found in all 170 (100.0%) women of the main group, and a significant increase in the combination of infertility with ovarian apoplexy was detected in 17 (10.0%) and with ectopic pregnancy in 15 (8.8%) women compared with the control group: 2 (2.6%) and 1 (1.3%), respectively. The complicated course of pregnancy was found in 85.9% of women with a history of infertility and in 48.75% of women in the control group; they more often gave birth for the first time: 110 (64.7%) versus 35 (43.7%) patients in the control group (p<0.05). Women with a history of infertility are at risk for obstetric complications.

Aim: to assess the risk of adverse consequences of adolescent pregnancy for mother and foetus in women from Lviv region. Material and methods. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescent women were studied retrospectively at the Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. Results and discussion. 134 cases of adolescent childbirths for 2013 to 2017 were analyzed. The analysis of data on the course of pregnancy in adolescent women showed that the vast majority of them had complicated pregnancy and were at risk of preterm childbirth. A significant proportion of young women, 78 (58.2%), significantly more often required the therapy during pregnancy. Assessment of the health status of newborns showed that ¼ (24.6%) of young women gave birth to premature babies, and almost 1/3 of children, 51 (38.0%), from young mothers had a complicated early neonatal period. Within the spectrum of complications, the commonest diagnosis was "prematurity" in 33 (24.6%) children from young mothers. The pathological course of the early neonatal period in 51 (38.0%) children of the main group required transfer to other departments for further treatment. 82 (61.2%) children from this group were discharged home, while in the control group all 100 (100.0%) children were discharged from maternity home. Conclusions. The study has demonstrated that the risk factors for perinatal pathology in newborns from adolescent women included probably complicated pregnancy, risk of spontaneous abortion (17.9%), preterm birth (24.6%), and the childbirth of premature infants with impaired condition at birth, who needed treatment in other medical institutions (38.0%). Adolescent pregnant women are at risk for obstetric and perinatal complications.

Aim. The purpose of this paper is to study reproductive function in women with menstrual disorders. Material and Methods. We analyzed the data and results of medical and genetic counseling of 107 women with menstrual dysfunction who applied to the medical and genetic center of the State Institution "The Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine". When analyzing the obtained indicators, we compared them with similar parameters in the comparison group which consisted of 100 healthy women applying for family planning. In the course of the work the data of somatic, gynecological and reproductive anamnesis were studied. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using the application package "Statistica 7.0" and the standard package of Excel 2013 statistical analysis. Significance between different groups was investigated by Pearson's test c2. Differences were considered significant at a significance level of p <0.05. Results and Discussion. Data and results of the medical and genetic counseling of 107 women with menstrual dysfunction (the main group) and 100 women without menstrual dysfunction (the control group) were analyzed. Data of somatic, gynecological and reproductive anamnesis were studied. Significant differences were found in the social status of women of two groups (р<0,05): in the main group, there were 60 working women (56.1%) and 44 (41.1%) housewives. In the control group, there were 32 working women (32.0%) and 68 (68.0%) housewives respectively. The study of the features of menstrual function showed significant differences in the formation and duration of the menstrual cycle in women of both groups (p<0.05). In women with menstrual dysfunction, there were disorders of reproductive history, most often due to miscarriages and stillbirths - 59 (55.1%) and infertility - 19 (17.7%). It was found that most patients in the main group had somatic diseases: 66 (61.7%) in the main group and 46 (46.0%) in the control group (р<0.05). Complications of gynecological anamnesis were significantly more often observed in women of the main group - 85 (79.4%) than in women of the control group - 41 (41.0%) (р<0.05). Conclusions. Analysis of the social status of women in both groups showed that the vast majority of women in the main group were employees compared to women in the control group: 60 (56.1%) and 44 (32.0%) against 32 (32%) and 44 (44, 0%) respectively (p <0,05). Significant differences in menstrual function data in women of both groups were found. A considerable proportion of women in the main group - 52 (48.0%) noted the onset of menarche at the age of 15 years, and in most women of the control group - 91 (91.0%) it was observed at the age of 12-14 years, and only in 9 (9.0%) cases - at the age of 15 years (p <0.05). There were significant differences in the duration of the menstrual cycle on all indicators in women of both groups. In 48 (44.9%) women of the main group, the duration of the menstrual cycle was 35-45 days, and in 12 (11.2%) - 45-90 days. In all women of the control group, this figure was 28-35 days (p <0.05). Only in 66 (61.7%) patients of the main group, the cycle was established immediately, compared with 81 (81.0%) women in the control group (p <0.05). Women in the main group were significantly more likely to have complications of reproductive history - 63 (58.9%): most often miscarriages and stillbirths - 59 (55.1%) and infertility - 19 (17.7%) (p <0.05). 85 (79.4%) women of the main risk group had difficult gynecological history, compared to 41 (41.0%) in the control group and they were significantly more likely to suffer from infertility -19 (17.7%), p <0.05).