The manufacturer (developer) has to prepare a specification for each newly developed biomedical cell product (BCP) that has passed the stage of preclinical studies. The specification is included into the registration dossier when applying for marketing authorisation of a BCP. In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 14n of 19 January 2017 «On approval of the specification format for a biomedical cell product» the specification should contain information about authenticity of the cell line used in the BCP, namely: morphological characteristics, expression of specific markers, expression of specific genes, expression of specific proteins, as well as markers of cell line stability. At present Russia has no practical experience in BCP quality evaluation. The aim of the study was to substantiate methodological approaches to authentication of cell lines used in BCPs as illustrated by quality evaluation of the DF-2 model cell line using test methods that allow for characterisation of the morphological, genetic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic profile of the cell line. Materials and methods: the study analysed the DF-2 cell line — human dermal fibroblasts (mesenchymal stem cells) obtained from the Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). The following analytical test methods were used in the study: morphological analysis; flow cytometry for immunophenotyping of the DF-2 model cell line; short tandem repeats for creating an allelic profile of the model cell line; cytogenetic analysis — differential DAPI staining of metaphase chromosomes. Results: the paper summarises methodological approaches to identification testing of medicines containing living human cells (BCP analogues) currently used in international practice, and presents the results of authentication of the model cell line. Conclusions: methods used for BCP identification testing should ensure unambiguous authentication of the cell line according to its specification. The study performed helped to work out the procedure of authentication of a model cell line.
The intensive development of cellular technologies stipulates the introduction at the global level of medicinal products based on viable human cells, which in most countries are referred to as biomedical cell products. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework in different countries and determined special aspects of regulation of cell therapy products (analogues of biomedical cell products). Some countries have mechanisms for priority review of cell therapy products for marketing authorization, such as accelerated assessment, accelerated approval, or conditional marketing authorisation. These mechanisms are currently absent in Russia, because of the novelty of the regulatory framework, and the biological properties of innovative cell products. Biomedical cell products are regarded as a separate class of medicinal products in Russia, they are not treated as biologicals and are regulated by the Federal Law No. 180-FZ «On Biomedical Cell Products» of June 23, 2016. The main difference in regulation of cell-based products in the Russian Federation is the principle of unified requirements for marketing authorisation of autologous, allogeneic, and combined biomedical cellular products, and the absence of the «hospital exemptions» mechanism that exists in many countries. This mechanism allows prescription and use of personalised autologous medicines produced in the laboratory of a medical institution for a particular patient.
Биомедицинские клеточные продукты (БМКП) -новая группа препаратов, основанных на применении клеточных линий различного происхождения для лечения широкого спектра заболеваний, в том числе в сфере регенеративной медицины. Контроль качества клеточного компонента таких препаратов явля-ется важной задачей на всех стадиях разработки и производства БМКП. Большое внимание должно уде-ляться подтверждению безопасности препаратов в силу ряда их особенностей и возможности возникно-вения побочных эффектов при их применении, в том числе риска развития онкологических заболеваний. Возможной причиной канцерогенеза может стать генетическая нестабильность клеточного компонента БМКП. Для выявления генетической нестабильности клеток, входящих в состав БМКП, на хромосом-ном уровне возможно применение ряда цитогенетических методов. Подтверждение наличия в клетках неизменного кариотипа и идентификацию различных хромосомных аномалий возможно осуществлять с помощью как классических цитогенетических методов анализа, например дифференциальное окраши-вание хромосом, так и с помощью молекулярно-цитогенетических методов, основанных на применении флуоресцентной гибридизации in situ. При комплексном использовании этих методов возможно получе-ние достоверной оценки генетической стабильности и косвенного доказательства отсутствия малигниза-ции клеточной линии в составе БМКП. Biomedical cell products (BMCPs) are a new group of biologicals that are based on various cell lines and are used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases as well as in the field of regenerative medicine. The quality control of the cellular component in such preparations is very important at all stages of BMCPs development and production. Much attention should be given to confirmation of BMCPs safety because of their specific properties and potential side effects, including the risk of cancer development. Carcinogenesis may be attributed to genetic instability of the BMCP cellular component. A number of cytogenetic methods can be used at the chromosomal level in order to identify the genetic instability of cells in a BMCP. Confirmation of the normal karyotype of cells and identification of various chromosomal abnormalities can be achieved using both classic cytogenetic analysis methods, such as chromosome banding, and molecular cytogenetic methods based on the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization. Combination of these methods may provide a reliable estimation of genetic stability of the cell line in a BMCP, and indirect evidence of absence of malignancy.
Preclinical studies are one of the most important stages in the development of drugs for medical use, including cell therapy products (in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation — biomedical cell products). Regulatory authorities decide on the possibility of conducting clinical trials in order to bring the medications to the market on the basis of the results of the study of their specific activity and safety. Russian requirements for preclinical studies of cell therapy products generally correspond to foreign ones, the main difference is the need for an expanded program of their conduct. The article analyzes the aspects of preclinical studies (scope, justification of the reduced program, design, animal models used) of some cell therapy products approved for use in medical practice in the United States, the European Union, Japan, and South Korea.
В настоящее время в Российской Федерации практически отсутствует контролируемый государством рынок банков клеток (БК), содержащих на хранении клеточный материал, потенциально применимый для клинических целей. Криоконсервация клеток в БК является важным этапом производства ряда биомедицинских клеточных продуктов и позволяет преодолеть трудности, с которыми сталкиваются производители при наработке и хранении больших объемов клеточного материала. На сегодняшний день существует большое число клеточных линий человеческого происхождения, которые хранятся в БК коммерческих и государственных организаций разных стран. Кроме того, происходит ежегодное депонирование новых линий клеток. Все это затрудняет поиск клеточного материала с необходимыми для производства свойствами и материала, потенциально применимого в качестве донорского в клинике. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию мировой практики хранения клеточных линий человека, предназначенных для применения в клинических целях. В результате исследования проведена систематизация существующих в мире БК, а также осуществлен анализ нормативной документации разных стран, регулирующей деятельность этих банков. Обнаружена тенденция к образованию БК, часто специализирующихся на определенных типах клеток, а также созданию реестров, дающих полную информацию о линиях клеток с данными научно-прикладного характера о них. С развитием и все большим внедрением в клиническую практику препаратов для клеточной терапии в мире и в Российской Федерации ожидается увеличение числа БК и реестровых систем, а также объемов хранящихся в них материалов, в том числе клеточных линий, предназначенных для применения в клинических целях. Ключевые слова: линии клеток; банки клеток; реестры клеточных линий; биомедицинские клеточные продукты; регенеративная медицина Для цитирования: Рачинская ОА, Чапленко АА, Мельникова ЕВ, Семенова ИС, Олефир ЮВ. Мировая практика хранения клеточных линий человека, предназначенных для применения в клинических целях. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2018;18(4):216-224. https://doi.* Контактное лицо: Рачинская Ольга Анатольевна; Rachinskaya@expmed.ruCurrently, the Russian Federation does not have a well-established state-controlled market for cell banks (CB) containing cell material that is potentially applicable for clinical purposes. Cryopreservation of cells in cell bank (CB) is an important step in the production of a number of biomedical cell products and makes it possible to overcome difficulties faced by manufacturers during production and storage of large amounts of cell material. At present there are a large number of human cell lines in the world, which are stored in CB owned by commercial and public organisations in different countries. In addition, new cell lines are being banked every year. All this makes it difficult to find cell material suitable for production purposes or that could potentially be used as donor material in clinics. This study analysed the international practice of storing human cell lines for clinical use. The authors of th...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.