This article is devoted to studying the influence of technological changes on transforming the necessary set of skills for engineering occupations. The expected changes in qualification requirements for engineers is based on the analysis of industrial revolution. The growing importance of soft skills is acknowledged. The methodological conclusions regarding the need to take into account the level of triple helix awareness, along with the parameters of the labor market when forecasting the directions for qualification requirements transformation for engineers were substantiated. It is noted that being ahead in the formation of new skills may have a positive impact on the growth in innovative activity. It is this aspect of the relationship between technology and qualification development trends that determines the role of educational organizations in the innovation ecosystem. It is shown that the convergence of technologies leads to an expansion of the range of professions referred to as engineering. The use of particular tools for assessing the demand for competencies allows solving only situational research tasks, whereas in the meanwhile scientifically advanced ecosystems require a system for monitoring technological and qualification changes, primarily in relation to engineering qualifications, since they can become a "bottleneck" of technological development. A methodology for systematizing the influence of technological trends on the qualification requirements is proposed. The mentioned methodology is based on bringing into conformity reciprocal trends on the meso-level within the framework of triple helix cooperation on the regional scale. As the labor market acquires flow characteristics, the need for separate monitoring procedures will decrease, with analysis algorithm simplifying.

The study subject is the approaches development for assessing cooperation in a cluster. Study purpose: a selection of tools to assess the characteristics of cooperative ties in a cluster for processing waste from a forest complex in Yenisei Siberia. Methods: Case analysis, questionnaire, survey, expert assessment, and a method of pair comparisons. Results: The following results have been substantiated: The emerging cluster for waste processing from the Yenisei Siberian forest complex; the situational factors; industry specialization; the goals of creating a cluster, and the interests of participants. As the cluster evolves, the directions and cooperation level of cluster members are the subject to change. The obstacles ranking for cooperation in the cluster is carried out as well. An aggregated indicator of the intensity of cooperative ties, based on five criteria, is proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate both industrial and innovative cooperation. In addition, it is proposed to determine the weighting factors situationally, depending on the target orientation of the cluster. Summary: it is shown that the desired value of aggregated cooperation indicator should be formed in the coordinate system, i.e. “innovation – sustainability”. Evaluation and regulation of the indicator level can serve as a tool for making and implementing strategic decisions on cluster development priorities.

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В настоящее время в Российской Федерации практически отсутствует контролируемый государством рынок банков клеток (БК), содержащих на хранении клеточный материал, потенциально применимый для клинических целей. Криоконсервация клеток в БК является важным этапом производства ряда биомедицинских клеточных продуктов и позволяет преодолеть трудности, с которыми сталкиваются производители при наработке и хранении больших объемов клеточного материала. На сегодняшний день существует большое число клеточных линий человеческого происхождения, которые хранятся в БК коммерческих и государственных организаций разных стран. Кроме того, происходит ежегодное депонирование новых линий клеток. Все это затрудняет поиск клеточного материала с необходимыми для производства свойствами и материала, потенциально применимого в качестве донорского в клинике. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию мировой практики хранения клеточных линий человека, предназначенных для применения в клинических целях. В результате исследования проведена систематизация существующих в мире БК, а также осуществлен анализ нормативной документации разных стран, регулирующей деятельность этих банков. Обнаружена тенденция к образованию БК, часто специализирующихся на определенных типах клеток, а также созданию реестров, дающих полную информацию о линиях клеток с данными научно-прикладного характера о них. С развитием и все большим внедрением в клиническую практику препаратов для клеточной терапии в мире и в Российской Федерации ожидается увеличение числа БК и реестровых систем, а также объемов хранящихся в них материалов, в том числе клеточных линий, предназначенных для применения в клинических целях. Ключевые слова: линии клеток; банки клеток; реестры клеточных линий; биомедицинские клеточные продукты; регенеративная медицина Для цитирования: Рачинская ОА, Чапленко АА, Мельникова ЕВ, Семенова ИС, Олефир ЮВ. Мировая практика хранения клеточных линий человека, предназначенных для применения в клинических целях. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2018;18(4):216-224. https://doi.* Контактное лицо: Рачинская Ольга Анатольевна; Rachinskaya@expmed.ruCurrently, the Russian Federation does not have a well-established state-controlled market for cell banks (CB) containing cell material that is potentially applicable for clinical purposes. Cryopreservation of cells in cell bank (CB) is an important step in the production of a number of biomedical cell products and makes it possible to overcome difficulties faced by manufacturers during production and storage of large amounts of cell material. At present there are a large number of human cell lines in the world, which are stored in CB owned by commercial and public organisations in different countries. In addition, new cell lines are being banked every year. All this makes it difficult to find cell material suitable for production purposes or that could potentially be used as donor material in clinics. This study analysed the international practice of storing human cell lines for clinical use. The authors of th...