Despite the availability of a large number of state programs for the re-equipment of state medical institutions, ultrasonic research, due to the relative simplicity of the organization of the research process and the decisiveness, still remains relevant for the examination of patients and, in particular, kidney cancer. In recent years, a number of new ultrasound techniques have emerged – three-dimensional reconstruction of ultrasound imaging, tissue harmonic technology and echocontrast with intravenous contrast agents. Due to the continuous improvement of the capabilities of ultrasound scanners and ultrasound imaging techniques, a review of the significance of ultrasound in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).The purpose:to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound in patients with kidney tumors at the preoperative stage.Materials and methods.136 patients with kidney tumors aged 21 to 73 years were examined and treated in A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery in the period from 2012 to 2017. The study slightly dominated by men – 65.4%. All patients underwent a complex clinical and laboratory examination, which included the analysis of complaints, data of anamnesis, clinical examination, laboratory data, as well as a wide range of instrumental studies (ultrasound, MSCT and MRI). Each of the study methods was evaluated according to three criteria (localization, prevalence, presence of vein thrombosis), which are key to assessing the feasibility of surgical intervention and subsequent tactics of surgery. Evaluation of the informative value of each of the radiation methods of the study (ultrasound, MSCT, MRI) was carried out on the basis of the following criteria: sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the method. All patients underwent surgical operations in various volumes, the formations were morphologically verified as RCC. As a “control” for each of the parameters used the protocol of subsequent surgery. The effectiveness of ultrasound is significantly comparable with CT and MRI in assessing such preoperative parameters as tumor localization in the kidney, the prevalence of the pathological process and thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and the main trunk of the renal vein. In the evaluation of thrombosis of segmental renal veins, ultrasound is also comparable to other methods of investigation, but these data can not be considered statistically reliable (due to the small number of observations) and their confirmation requires further study. Conclusion.In the conditions of a specialized surgical hospital focused on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer, ultrasound can be comparable to CT and MRI in its effectiveness, providing the surgeon with pre-operative information sufficient for planning surgical intervention.

Primary multiple tumors are an independent emergence and development two or more neoplasms in one patient. Thus can be the struck not only different bodies of various systems, but pair bodies (mammary glands, lungs, etc.) also, and one body with multicentric defeat. Primary multiple tumors can be synchronous and metachronous. The increase in frequency of multiple neoplasms is noted in recent years.A clinical observation of a 62-year-old patient with synchronous-metachronous primary-multiple cancer of both kidney and prostate gland is presented. A feature of this observation is multiple lesions of both kidneys, as well as the presence of two different morphological forms of renal cell carcinoma in one kidney (papillary and clear cell). The difficulty in identifying and differentiating kidney tumors with a cystic structure was due to the presence of multiple cysts of both kidneys of different types according to Bosniak.

Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Most patients with esophageal cancer die from relapses or metastases, with a 5-year survival rate ranging from 15% to 25%. The most common places of metastasis are the liver, lungs, bones and adrenal glands. Metastases in the kidney are extremely rare. We present the clinical case of a 61-year-old patient who was surgically radically treated at the A.V. Vishnevsky Surgery Center about esophageal cancer. The lesion was localized in the middle third of the esophagus along the posterior one, with spreading to the right wall, protruding into the lumen, slightly narrowing it. The situation was complicated by the fact that preoperatively the patient was diagnosed with coronary artery stenosis: the middle third of the anterior interventricular branch (AIB) of 80%, the proximal third of the envelope of the left coronary artery to 70%, the right coronary artery in the middle third to 50%. In this connection, the first stage of treatment was performed by stenting of AIB and the envelope of the left coronary artery. With the dynamic observation of the patient's condition, metastasis to the kidney was revealed in two years, and the patient was also operated on. This clinical case demonstrates the possibility of using a complex radiology (including X-ray, ultrasound, MSCT and angiography) at the stages of examination and treatment of such category of patients, allowing timely detection and correction of both the manifestations of the underlying pathology and concomitant diseases.

ntroduction. A distinctive feature of kidney cancer is a frequent, compared with other tumors, spread of the tumor through the venous collectors (in the renal and inferior vena cava up to the right atrium), along the path of least resistance to invasive growth.The aim of the study was to present a clinical case of radical treatment of kidney cancer involving extensive IVC thrombosis.Materials and methods. The study describes a clinical case of radical treatment of patient M. with kidney cancer involving extensive IVC thrombosis, extending to the right atrium (written informed consent for patient information and images to be published was obtained prior to the study). During preoperative examination, the patient was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma with non-occlusive hypervascular tumor thrombus of the renal vein, the inferior vena cava and the right atrium based on the findings of ultrasound examination (transabdominal and transthoracic, and transesophageal), multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results and discussion. Surgical treatment remains the main method of treatment of renal cell cancer, moreover, the inferior vena cava thrombosis cannot serve as a cause for refusing surgical treatment. The thrombus spreading along the venous collectors is an important factor in determining the tactics of surgical treatment. The length of the tumor thrombus, as well as the degree of its fixation and ingrowth into the vein wall is of great significance for planning surgical techniques and predicting clinical outcomes. Based on various methods of radiological examination, patient M. was diagnosed with cancer of the right kidney, 3 stage T3cNxM0, IVC tumor thrombus, paraneoplastic syndrome (hyperthermia), right-sided nephrectomy with aortocaval lymphadenectomy, thrombectomy from the IVC, vascular isolation of the liver, resection of the IVC, thrombectomy from the right atrium combined with cardiopulmonary bypass.Conclusion. Despite the technical complexity of nephrectomy with thrombectomy from the IVC, especially in the presence of a massive supradiaphragmatic thrombus, these interventions have no alternatives if a radical treatment is to be achieved. Step-by-step support using radiological methods of investigation is an important aspect of patients preparation; this allowing determining the exact volume of the damage and non-invasively assessing clinical outcomes of surgical treatment.

An organ-sparing approach is preferable at the treatment of patients with cancer of a solitary kidney, but doesn't always comply with the oncological radicalism. The technique of extracorporeal renal resection followed by autologous transplantation was developed to preserve renal function in patients with obligatory indications for organpreserving treatment. The aim is to evaluate the possibilities of ultrasound (US) at the stages of extracorporeal resection of a single kidney in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Materials and methods. The study included 22 patients treated with renal cell carcinoma of a single kidney in 2013-21 (average age 60.45±7 years). Men prevailed (73%). Multiple primary metachronous cancer occurred in 16 (73%) cases, multiple primary synchronous cancer -in 2 (9%), previous nephrureterectomy was performed in connection with benign kidney diseases (primary contracted kidney, hydronephrosis) -in 2 (10%), a congenital single kidney was in 2 (10%) patients. Previously underwent surgery on a single kidney for a malignant neoplasm of the same etiology for which 6 (27%) patients are being treated in this hospitalization. All the patients underwent US examination in B-mode and duplex scanning at the pre-/intra-and postoperative stage. If necessary, echo-contrast US (Sonovue) was performed intraoperatively and in the early postoperative period. Also, all patients underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced multidetected computed tomography (MDCT). MRI was performed in 7 cases. All the patients were operated with histological verification. Results. Staging according to the TNM system: pT1a-T3vN0-2M0-1G1-3, of which the tumor size exceeded 7 cm in 10 (50%) patients, distant metastases were in 8 (40%) cases. Reno-caval tumor thrombus was detected in 3 patients. Intraoperative US was performed at the stages of surgery: navigation to the stage of resection and assessment of the restoration of blood supply in the intervention area after kidney resection and wound closure. In 3 cases, extracorporeal renal resection was performed simultaneously with thrombectomy and resection of the inferior vena cava for renocaval tumor thrombus. In 4 cases, renal vessel replacement was performed. The tumor involved vessels in 3 cases and in 1 IOUS after resection showed thrombosis of the renal artery, which eventually required prosthetics. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients underwent US-monitoring on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days after surgery, more often and further as needed. The follow-up period (US, MSCT) was 19-85 months (53.3±17.2). Tumor progression occurred in 3 (15%) cases. One patient died due to the progression of the tumor process 20 months after the operation. Conclusion. US make it possible to control all the stages of extracorporeal resection of a single kidney under pharmacocold anti-ischemic protection with orthotopic replantation of renal vessels. The results of this surgical intervention are satisfactory, which indicates the advisability of further development of organ-saving treatm...