В настоящее время одним из перспективных конструкционных материалов, используемых для изготовления корпусных элементов высокоточных станков, является синтегран. Синтегран представляет собой композиционный материал, состоящий из полимерного связующего и высокопрочных минеральных заполнителей. Хотя технологи и конструкторы стремятся изготавливать изделия из данного материала путем отливки без дальнейшей механической обработки, в ряде случаев необходимо осуществлять их фрезерование, точение и шлифование. Вместе с тем недостаточно изучено поведение синтеграна при его обработке резанием. Процесс снятия поверхностного слоя при резании лезвийным инструментом в значительной степени влияет на результаты обработки. От этого процесса зависят силы резания, расход энергии, точность и качество обработки. Рассматриваются вопросы образования стружки при механической обработке синтеграна. На основе теории упругости определены поля напряжений, возникающих в зоне резания при обработке синтеграна лезвийным режущим инструментом. Для определения распределения нормальных и касательных напряжений, возникающих в прирезцовой зоне, используется задача Фламана. В результате исследования установлено, что наибольшие напряжения формируются ниже линии среза. Следовательно, магистральная трещина при стружкообразовании будет распространяться вглубь материала. Таким образом, шероховатость поверхности синтеграна на участке заполнителя не является следом инструмента и не отображает микронеровности режущего лезвия, а полностью определяется траекторией распространения трещины при образовании элементной стружки. Также такой характер стружкообразования приводит к неустойчивости процесса резания и возникновению вибраций, что, в свою очередь, снижает точность обработки.
The article focuses on the theoretical and methodological aspects of the style's study in Russian psychology. The history, current state and prospects of developing the problem of a human activity style in the Perm psychological school are considered. The study of style in the Perm Psychological School has a half-century history. At the initial stages in the study of style, the features of the process-dynamic side of the activity of a person who successfully performs it were revealed. Later, in connection with the development of V.S. Merlin's theory of integral individuality, style operational characteristics began to be studied in a system of multilevel properties of human individuality - socio-psychological, personal, psychodynamic, neurodynamic. The article analyzes the structure of the style of human activity, as well as its functions - adaptive, system-forming, developing, etc. In the Perm Psychological School, the style of human activity has received a detailed polysystemic characterization in theoretical and empirical studies conducted under the guidance of B.A. Vyatkin. Representations of the style of human activity were significantly enriched thanks to the L.Ya. Dorfman theory of the meta-individual world. The article outlines promising theoretical and methodological approaches that open up new possibilities for the development of psychological knowledge about the styles of human activity, as well as the practical significance of this knowledge.
The results of studies on the efficiency of winter wheat cultivation technologies, including fertilization systems with different levels of biologization, are presented. It was found that during the cultivation of winter wheat using intensive technology with a mineral fertilization system, the reserves of productive moisture in the arable layer of the soil were almost equal to the reserves of moisture when cultivated using intensive technology (without fertilization). In variants with the cultivation of winter wheat according to the technology with a 50% level of biologization, the reserves of productive moisture in the arable layer of the soil increased by 0.9 mm, and by a 100% level - by 1.6 mm. Higher reserves of nitrate-nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer before sowing winter wheat were noted in variants where it was cultivated using biotechnology with a 100% supply of nutrients from organic fertilizers. A decrease in the level of biologization of the technology to 50% led to a decrease in the reserves of nitrate-nitrogen by 2.5 kg/ha. The highest weediness of winter wheat crops was noted when it was cultivated using technologies with 50 and 100% biologization levels - 70.6-92.0 pcs/m2. Compared to the mineral fertilization system, when using organic fertilizers, there is an increase in weediness of winter wheat crops by 5.8-18.1%. The highest yield of winter wheat was obtained by cultivating it using intensive technology - 5.98 t/ha. Technologies with 50 and 100% biologization levels ensured the production of 5.87 and 5.41 t/ha, respectively.
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